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Nianbo Dong; Benjamin Kelcey; Jessaca Spybrook; Yanli Xie; Dung Pham; Peilin Qiu; Ning Sui – Grantee Submission, 2024
Multisite trials that randomize individuals (e.g., students) within sites (e.g., schools) or clusters (e.g., teachers/classrooms) within sites (e.g., schools) are commonly used for program evaluation because they provide opportunities to learn about treatment effects as well as their heterogeneity across sites and subgroups (defined by moderating…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials, Educational Research, Effect Size
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Xinxin Sun – Grantee Submission, 2023
Noncompliance to treatment assignment is widespread in randomized trials and presents challenges in causal inference. In the presence of noncompliance, the most commonly estimated effect of treatment assignment, also known as the intent-to-treat (ITT) effect, is biased. Of interest in this setting is the complier average causal effect (CACE), the…
Descriptors: Compliance (Psychology), Randomized Controlled Trials, Maximum Likelihood Statistics, Computation
Benjamin Lu; Eli Ben-Michael; Avi Feller; Luke Miratrix – Grantee Submission, 2022
In multisite trials, learning about treatment effect variation across sites is critical for understanding where and for whom a program works. Unadjusted comparisons, however, capture "compositional" differences in the distributions of unit-level features as well as "contextual" differences in site-level features, including…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Statistical Distributions, Program Implementation, Comparative Analysis
Pashley, Nicole E.; Miratrix, Luke W. – Grantee Submission, 2019
In the causal inference literature, evaluating blocking from a potential outcomes perspective has two main branches of work. The first focuses on larger blocks, with multiple treatment and control units in each block. The second focuses on matched pairs, with a single treatment and control unit in each block. These literatures not only provide…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Statistical Inference, Research Methodology, Computation
Yoon, HyeonJin – Grantee Submission, 2018
In basic regression discontinuity (RD) designs, causal inference is limited to the local area near a single cutoff. To strengthen the generality of the RD treatment estimate, a design with multiple cutoffs along the assignment variable continuum can be applied. The availability of multiple cutoffs allows estimation of a pooled average treatment…
Descriptors: Regression (Statistics), Program Evaluation, Computation, Statistical Analysis
E. C. Hedberg – Grantee Submission, 2016
Background: There is an increased focus on randomized trials for proximal behavioral outcomes in early childhood research. However, planning sample sizes for such designs requires extant information on the size of effect, variance decomposition, and effectiveness of covariates. Objectives: The purpose of this article is to employ a recent large…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Kindergarten, Children, Longitudinal Studies
Ben Clarke; Christian T. Doabler; Keith Smolkowski; Evangeline Kurtz-Nelson; Hank Fien; Scott K. Baker; Derek Kosty – Grantee Submission, 2016
This study examined the efficacy of a kindergarten mathematics intervention program, ROOTS, focused on developing whole-number understanding in the areas of counting and cardinality and operations and algebraic thinking for students at risk in mathematics. The study utilized a randomized block design with students within classrooms randomly…
Descriptors: Mathematics Instruction, Kindergarten, Intervention, Sustainability
Reardon, Sean F.; Raudenbush, Stephen W. – Grantee Submission, 2013
The increasing availability of data from multi-site randomized trials provides a potential opportunity to use instrumental variables methods to study the effects of multiple hypothesized mediators of the effect of a treatment. We derive nine assumptions needed to identify the effects of multiple mediators when using site-by-treatment interactions…
Descriptors: Causal Models, Measures (Individuals), Research Design, Context Effect
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Bryant, Diane Pedrotty; Bryant, Brian R.; Roberts, Greg; Vaughn, Sharon; Pfannenstiel, Kathleen Hughes; Porterfield, Jennifer; Gersten, Russell – Grantee Submission, 2011
The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of an early numeracy preventative Tier 2 intervention on the mathematics performance of first-grade students with mathematics difficulties. Researchers used a pretest-posttest control group design with randomized assignment of 139 students to the Tier 2 treatment condition and 65 students to…
Descriptors: Grade 1, Numeracy, Intervention, Mathematics Skills