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Haiyan Liu; Wen Qu; Zhiyong Zhang; Hao Wu – Grantee Submission, 2022
Bayesian inference for structural equation models (SEMs) is increasingly popular in social and psychological sciences owing to its flexibility to adapt to more complex models and the ability to include prior information if available. However, there are two major hurdles in using the traditional Bayesian SEM in practice: (1) the information nested…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Structural Equation Models, Statistical Inference, Statistical Distributions
Yuxiang Gao; Lauren Kennedy; Daniel Simpson; Andrew Gelman – Grantee Submission, 2021
A central theme in the field of survey statistics is estimating population-level quantities through data coming from potentially non-representative samples of the population. Multilevel regression and poststratification (MRP), a model-based approach, is gaining traction against the traditional weighted approach for survey estimates. MRP estimates…
Descriptors: Regression (Statistics), Statistical Analysis, Surveys, Computation
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Ke-Hai Yuan; Ling Ling; Zhiyong Zhang – Grantee Submission, 2024
Data in social and behavioral sciences typically contain measurement errors and do not have predefined metrics. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is widely used for the analysis of such data, where the scales of the manifest and latent variables are often subjective. This article studies how the model, parameter estimates, their standard errors…
Descriptors: Structural Equation Models, Computation, Social Science Research, Error of Measurement
April E. Cho; Jiaying Xiao; Chun Wang; Gongjun Xu – Grantee Submission, 2022
Item factor analysis (IFA), also known as Multidimensional Item Response Theory (MIRT), is a general framework for specifying the functional relationship between a respondent's multiple latent traits and their response to assessment items. The key element in MIRT is the relationship between the items and the latent traits, so-called item factor…
Descriptors: Factor Analysis, Item Response Theory, Mathematics, Computation
Lauren Kennedy; Andrew Gelman – Grantee Submission, 2021
Psychology research often focuses on interactions, and this has deep implications for inference from non-representative samples. For the goal of estimating average treatment effects, we propose to fit a model allowing treatment to interact with background variables and then average over the distribution of these variables in the population. This…
Descriptors: Models, Generalization, Psychological Studies, Computation
Yao, Yuling; Vehtari, Aki; Gelman, Andrew – Grantee Submission, 2022
When working with multimodal Bayesian posterior distributions, Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms have difficulty moving between modes, and default variational or mode-based approximate inferences will understate posterior uncertainty. And, even if the most important modes can be found, it is difficult to evaluate their relative weights in…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Computation, Markov Processes, Monte Carlo Methods
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Dongho Shin – Grantee Submission, 2024
We consider Bayesian estimation of a hierarchical linear model (HLM) from small sample sizes. The continuous response Y and covariates C are partially observed and assumed missing at random. With C having linear effects, the HLM may be efficiently estimated by available methods. When C includes cluster-level covariates having interactive or other…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Computation, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Data Analysis
Keller, Brian T. – Grantee Submission, 2021
In this paper, we provide an introduction to the factored regression framework. This modeling framework applies the rules of probability to break up or "factor" a complex joint distribution into a product of conditional regression models. Using this framework, we can easily specify the complex multivariate models that missing data…
Descriptors: Regression (Statistics), Models, Multivariate Analysis, Computation
Benjamin Lu; Eli Ben-Michael; Avi Feller; Luke Miratrix – Grantee Submission, 2022
In multisite trials, learning about treatment effect variation across sites is critical for understanding where and for whom a program works. Unadjusted comparisons, however, capture "compositional" differences in the distributions of unit-level features as well as "contextual" differences in site-level features, including…
Descriptors: Statistical Analysis, Statistical Distributions, Program Implementation, Comparative Analysis
Yongyun Shin; Stephen W. Raudenbush – Grantee Submission, 2023
We consider two-level models where a continuous response R and continuous covariates C are assumed missing at random. Inferences based on maximum likelihood or Bayes are routinely made by estimating their joint normal distribution from observed data R[subscript obs] and C[subscript obs]. However, if the model for R given C includes random…
Descriptors: Maximum Likelihood Statistics, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Error of Measurement, Statistical Distributions
Dorie, Vincent; Hill, Jennifer; Shalit, Uri; Scott, Marc; Cervone, Daniel – Grantee Submission, 2018
Statisticians have made great progress in creating methods that reduce our reliance on parametric assumptions. However this explosion in research has resulted in a breadth of inferential strategies that both create opportunities for more reliable inference as well as complicate the choices that an applied researcher has to make and defend.…
Descriptors: Statistical Inference, Simulation, Causal Models, Research Methodology
Sinharay, Sandip – Grantee Submission, 2017
Wollack, Cohen, and Eckerly (2015) suggested the "erasure detection index" (EDI) to detect fraudulent erasures for individual examinees. Wollack and Eckerly (2017) extended the EDI to detect fraudulent erasures at the group level. The EDI at the group level was found to be slightly conservative. This paper suggests two modifications of…
Descriptors: Deception, Identification, Testing Problems, Cheating
Carpenter, Bob; Gelman, Andrew; Hoffman, Matthew D.; Lee, Daniel; Goodrich, Ben; Betancourt, Michael; Brubaker, Marcus A.; Guo, Jiqiang; Li, Peter; Riddell, Allen – Grantee Submission, 2017
Stan is a probabilistic programming language for specifying statistical models. A Stan program imperatively defines a log probability function over parameters conditioned on specified data and constants. As of version 2.14.0, Stan provides full Bayesian inference for continuous-variable models through Markov chain Monte Carlo methods such as the…
Descriptors: Programming Languages, Probability, Bayesian Statistics, Monte Carlo Methods
Zhang, Zhiyong – Grantee Submission, 2016
Growth curve models are widely used in social and behavioral sciences. However, typical growth curve models often assume that the errors are normally distributed although non-normal data may be even more common than normal data. In order to avoid possible statistical inference problems in blindly assuming normality, a general Bayesian framework is…
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Models, Statistical Distributions, Computation
Cain, Meghan K.; Zhang, Zhiyong; Yuan, Ke-Hai – Grantee Submission, 2017
Nonnormality of univariate data has been extensively examined previously (Blanca et al., 2013; Micceri, 1989). However, less is known of the potential nonnormality of multivariate data although multivariate analysis is commonly used in psychological and educational research. Using univariate and multivariate skewness and kurtosis as measures of…
Descriptors: Multivariate Analysis, Probability, Statistical Distributions, Psychological Studies
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