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Peng Peng – Grantee Submission, 2023
The current review of the role of executive function (EF) in reading provides a brief summary of analyses with a large-scale longitudinal dataset and a meta-analysis, along with proposing a framework for designing EF training studies. The 1st study, based on latent growth models with structured residuals, demonstrated a longitudinal reciprocal…
Descriptors: Elementary School Students, Grade 2, Grade 3, Grade 4
Young-Suk Grace Kim – Grantee Submission, 2023
Purpose: A large body of literature showed that word reading and listening comprehension-two proximal predictors of reading comprehension according to the simple view of reading -- are related. Grounded on the direct and indirect effects model of reading, we examined the extent to which the relation is explained by domain-general cognitions or…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Morphology (Languages), Reading Comprehension, Listening Comprehension
Willoughby, Michael T.; Hong, Yihua; Hudson, Kesha N.; Wylie, Amanda – Grantee Submission, 2020
This study tested whether the bivariate association between simple reaction time (SRT) and executive function (EF) performance that has been observed in early childhood represented a between- and/or within-person association. Up to three repeated assessments (i.e., fall, winter, and spring assessments from September to May) were available for 282…
Descriptors: Reaction Time, Executive Function, Preschool Children, Individual Differences
Eunsoo Cho; Unhee Ju; Eun Ha Kim; Minhye Lee; Garam Lee; Donald L. Compton – Grantee Submission, 2022
Purpose: We examined the extent to which achievement goals predict reading comprehension, measured by two response formats (free recall and constructed response), and how these relations differ for students with and without reading difficulties (RD). We further explored how executive functions (working memory and semantic verbal fluency) mediate…
Descriptors: Student Motivation, Goal Orientation, Reading Comprehension, Reading Difficulties
Taboada Barber, Ana; Cartwright, Kelly B.; Hancock, Gregory R.; Klauda, Susan Lutz – Grantee Submission, 2021
The Simple View of Reading (SVR) describes reading as the product of decoding (D) and listening comprehension (LC; Gough, Hoover, & Peterson, 1996). However, the SVR has been challenged, and evidence has proved it to be too simple to explain the complexities of reading comprehension in the elementary school years. Hypotheses have been advanced…
Descriptors: Reading Processes, Reading Comprehension, Executive Function, Bilingual Students
Andrew Weaver – Grantee Submission, 2023
This study explores whether teacher reports of executive functions predict change in reading performance (i.e., reading development) for elementary-aged students when controlling for direct assessments of executive functions and for teacher reports of students' literacy skills. Prior research has raised problems with the construct validity of…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Reading Achievement, Reading Skills, Elementary School Students
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Elia G. Ramirez; Jessica E. Whittaker; Jamie DeCoster; Robert C. Pianta; Virginia E. Vitiello – Grantee Submission, 2025
Grounded in the bioecological model of human development and attachment theory, this study examined whether the proportion of time children spend in activity settings in the kindergarten classroom moderated the relationship between teacher-child relationship quality and children's kindergarten academic and social-emotional outcomes. Participants…
Descriptors: Teacher Student Relationship, Kindergarten, Class Activities, Correlation
Kidd, Julie K.; McKnight, Patrick E.; Gallington, Debbie A.; Strauss, Lauren I.; Lyu, Hao; Lauritzen, Hans Christian; Choe, Jihyae; Holmberg, Courtney A.; Pasnak, Robert – Grantee Submission, 2021
Cognitive abilities, executive functions (EFs) and patterning, and simple measures of early literacy and mathematics were measured for 275 kindergartners during the second and third month of formal schooling. An exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors. The first was a literacy factor, to which a number series scale made a small…
Descriptors: Mathematics Skills, Reading Skills, Cognitive Ability, Kindergarten
Kim, Young-Suk Grace – Grantee Submission, 2022
This article presents the application of the interactive dynamic literacy (IDL) model (Kim, 2020a) toward understanding difficulties in learning to read and write. According to the IDL model, reading and writing are part of communicative acts that draw on largely shared processes and skills as well as unique processes and skills. As such, reading…
Descriptors: Literacy, Models, Reading Skills, Writing Skills
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Butterfuss, Reese; Kendeou, Panayiota – Grantee Submission, 2017
Our goal in this paper is to understand the extent to which, and under what conditions, executive functions (EFs) play a role in reading comprehension processes. We begin with a brief review of core components of EF (inhibition, shifting, and updating) and reading comprehension. We then discuss the status of EFs in process models of reading…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Reading Comprehension, Reading Processes, Inhibition
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Michelle M. Cumming; Daniel V. Poling; Irina Patwardhan; Isabella C. Ozenbaugh – Grantee Submission, 2022
The present study used data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study--Kindergarten Cohort of 2011 (N = 15,827; 51.1% male; 48.4% White, 13.5% Black/African-American, 24.3% Hispanic/Latino, 7.5% Asian, and 6.3% other ethnicity) to examine the unique contribution of specific executive function processes (working memory and cognitive flexibility)…
Descriptors: Kindergarten, Young Children, Executive Function, Child Behavior
Hudson, Kesha N.; Ballou, Haley M.; Willoughby, Michael T. – Grantee Submission, 2020
Previous studies have documented that individual differences in fine and gross motor skills are associated with executive function (EF) skills. This study used an experimental design to test whether participating in cognitively challenging motor skills activities was causally related to improvements in motor skills and two key indicators of school…
Descriptors: Psychomotor Skills, Competence, Executive Function, Numeracy
Jacquelyn E. Stephens; David B. Rompilla Jr.; Emily F. Hittner; Vijay A. Mittal; Claudia M. Haase – Grantee Submission, 2023
When confronted with an emotion prototype (e.g., loss), individuals may experience not only target emotions (e.g., sadness), but also nontarget emotions (emotions that are atypical or incongruent with an emotion prototype; e.g., gratitude in response to loss). What are the cognitive correlates of nontarget emotions? Drawing from models of emotion…
Descriptors: Executive Function, Correlation, Emotional Response, Short Term Memory
Pianta, Robert C.; Whittaker, Jessica V.; Vitiello, Virginia; Ruzek, Erik; Ansari, Arya; Hofkens, Tara; DeCoster, Jamie – Grantee Submission, 2020
The present study reports associations between features of directly observed classroom processes and school readiness skills across the academic year for 1498 children enrolled in publicly funded pre-K programs in a large and diverse county. In models adjusting for a range of child and family covariates, evidence was detected for the separate, and…
Descriptors: School Readiness, Preschool Children, Public Schools, Preschool Education
Michael T. Willoughby; Kesha N. Hudson; Yihua Hong; Amanda A. Wylie – Grantee Submission, 2021
Efforts to increase moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in school-aged children are associated with improved health, cognitive, and academic outcomes. However, questions remain about whether similar benefits are observed in early childhood. We hypothesized that motor competence, not MVPA, would be related to improved cognitive and…
Descriptors: Psychomotor Skills, Physical Activity Level, Executive Function, Mathematics Skills
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