Gaming the system is a persistent problem in Computer-Based Learning Platforms. While substantial progress has been made in identifying and understanding such behaviors, effective interventions scarce. This study uses a method of causal moderation known as Fully Latent Principal Stratification to explore the impact of two types of interventions --…

Pedagogical scaffolding offers temporary support as English Learners engage with challenging math. We identify three dimensions--grouping, structure, and language--along which teachers can vary the intensity of scaffolding with the same rigorous prompt to challenge and support their English Learners. [This paper was published in "Mathematics…

Prior studies identified effective, but mainly non-digital, homework aids. This research involved 18 middle school students in a lo-fi prototyping study to integrate traditional homework support tools with intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), leveraging rich log data for personalized learning. Feature investigations in standardized diaries, goal…

Large language models have recently been able to perform well in a wide variety of circumstances. In this work, we explore the possibility of large language models, specifically GPT-3, to write explanations for middle-school mathematics problems, with the goal of eventually using this process to rapidly generate explanations for the mathematics…

This study looks at how students embody their ideas about geometry conjectures and how those ideas travel within and between student groups. In one classroom of a Title 1 high school, students participated in a three-part program in which they: (1) played "The Hidden Village," a motion-capture video game where they assess the veracity of…

It has been shown in multiple studies that expert-created on-demand assistance, such as hint messages, improves student learning in online learning environments. However, there are also evident that certain types of assistance may be detrimental to student learning. In addition, creating and maintaining on-demand assistance are hard and…

This article examines the professional knowledge required for mathematics teachers to effectively use generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) in planning high-quality, ambitious mathematics lessons. While GenAI tools like ChatGPT offer promise for automating parts of lesson planning, their utility in supporting ambitious instruction is limited…

This study aims to understand the instructional interactions that foster students' generalizing. By analysing video-recorded lessons from 13 different Grade 3 classrooms in which an early algebra intervention was implemented, activities related to generalizing and students' generalizing activities were identified, and the nature of the…

Historically, learning for young students has occurred in formal, in-person classroom environments, but the distance learning context has opened a myriad of learning modalities. To this end, we aim to better understand how deploying learning experience design (LXD) approach supports or hinders children's engagement while participating in an…

When designing an instructional tool and using it in pedagogical activities, it is essential that designers and users understand what pedagogical affordances and constraints the tool provides to support its successful integration into targeted pedagogical activities. Toward this end, we developed "Pedagogical Affordance Analysis (PAA)."…

Reasoning Mind products are used by over 100,000 students a year and have shown positive outcomes. In this design case we focus on implementation: how Reasoning Mind's approach evolved to tackle the challenge of achieving consistently high-quality implementations with many different schools, teachers, and students. Key insights include the…

Increasingly, computer-based learning systems are used by educators to facilitate learning. Evaluations of several math learning systems show that they result in significant student learning improvements. Feedback provision is one of the key features in math learning systems that contribute to its success. We have recently been uncovering feedback…

A growing body of research suggests that the effects of core mathematics instruction on student mathematics outcomes may not be uniform across different skill levels in mathematics. This study investigated the extent to which observed components of explicit mathematics instruction explained why students' initial mathematics achievement was…

We describe here lessons learned in designing an early algebra curriculum to measure early algebra's impact on children's algebra readiness for middle grades. The curriculum was developed to supplement regular mathematics instruction in Grades K-5. Lessons learned centered around the importance of several key factors, including using conceptual…

Historically, learning for young students has occurred in formal, in-person classroom environments. But in just a matter of weeks, children were mandated to transition to a completely new mode of learning, facing new learning challenges with heightened anxieties. To this end, we aim to better understand how our learning experience design (LXD)…