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Metcalfe, Janet; Huelser, Barbie J. – Grantee Submission, 2020
Many recent studies have shown that memory for correct answers is enhanced when an error is committed and then corrected, as compared to when the correct answer is provided without intervening error commission. The fact that the kind of errors that produced such a benefit, in past research, were those that were semantically related to the correct…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Memory, Learning Processes, Error Patterns
Esposito, Alena G.; Lee, Katherine; Dugan, Jessica A.; Lauer, Jillian E.; Bauer, Patricia J. – Grantee Submission, 2021
To build knowledge, separate yet related learning episodes can be integrated with one another and then used to derive new knowledge. Separate episodes are often experienced through different formats, such as text passages and graphic representations. Accordingly, in the present research, we tested integration of learning episodes provided through…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Comparative Analysis, Teaching Methods, Laboratory Experiments
Jones, Michael N. – Grantee Submission, 2018
Abstraction is a core principle of Distributional Semantic Models (DSMs) that learn semantic representations for words by applying dimensional reduction to statistical redundancies in language. Although the posited learning mechanisms vary widely, virtually all DSMs are prototype models in that they create a single abstract representation of a…
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Semantics, Memory, Learning Processes
Aravind, Athulya; de Villiers, Jill; Pace, Amy; Valentine, Hannah; Golinkoff, Roberta; Hirsh-Pasek, Kathy; Iglesias, Aquiles; Wilson, Mary Sweig – Grantee Submission, 2018
Do children learn a new word by tracking co-occurrences between words and referents across multiple instances ("cross-situational learning" models), or is word-learning a "one-track" process, where learners maintain a single hypothesis about the possible referent, which may be verified or falsified in future occurrences…
Descriptors: Young Children, Vocabulary Development, Memory, Retention (Psychology)
Metcalfe, Janet; Schwartz, Bennett L.; Bloom, Paul A. – Grantee Submission, 2017
Theories of study time allocation and of curiosity suggest that people are most engaged with and want to devote their time to materials that are not completely mastered but also are not so difficult that they might be impossible. Their curiosity is thought to be triggered by items that are almost known, or are in what is sometimes called theregion…
Descriptors: Recall (Psychology), Metacognition, Personality Traits, Response Style (Tests)
Esposito, Alena G.; Bauer, Patricia J. – Grantee Submission, 2019
A primary objective of development is to build a knowledge base. To accumulate knowledge over time and experiences, learners must engage in productive processes, going beyond what is explicitly given to generate new knowledge. Though important to accumulating knowledge, these processes are also easily disrupted. Individuals often depend on surface…
Descriptors: Multilingualism, Knowledge Level, Learning Processes, Memory
Metcalfe, Janet – Grantee Submission, 2017
Although error avoidance during learning appears to be the rule in American classrooms, laboratory studies suggest that it may be a counterproductive strategy, at least for neurologically typical students. Experimental investigations indicate that errorful learning followed by corrective feedback is beneficial to learning. Interestingly, the…
Descriptors: Error Patterns, Error Correction, Feedback (Response), Educational Benefits
Erickson, Lucy C.; Thiessen, Erik D.; Godwin, Karrie E.; Dickerson, John P.; Fisher, Anna V. – Grantee Submission, 2015
Selective sustained attention is vital for higher order cognition. Although endogenous and exogenous factors influence selective sustained attention, assessment of the degree to which these factors influence performance and learning is often challenging. We report findings from the Track-It task, a paradigm that aims to assess the contribution of…
Descriptors: Attention, Cognitive Processes, Kindergarten, Attention Span