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Multilevel Modeling Resolves Ambiguities in Analyses of Discipline Disproportionality: A Demonstration Comparing Title 1 Montessori and Non-Montessori Schools

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Lee LeBoeuf; Jacob Goldstein-Greenwood; Angeline S Lillard – Grantee Submission, 2023

Common methods of measuring discipline disproportionality can produce contradictory results and obscure base-rate information. In this paper, we show how using multilevel modeling to analyze discipline disparities resolves ambiguities inherent in traditional measures of disparities: relative rate ratios and risk differences. One previous study…

Descriptors: Discipline, Disproportionate Representation, Measurement Techniques, Hierarchical Linear Modeling