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Cromley, J. G.; Ma, S.; Van Boekel, M.; Dane, N. – Grantee Submission, 2020
When reading scientific text, readers must draw inferences when the author does not make relations explicit; readers also need to pick up on causal relations that the author "does" make explicit. We collected think-aloud protocols from 86 undergraduate biology students reading 7 brief, illustrated passages about the immune system. After…
Descriptors: Inferences, Protocol Analysis, Undergraduate Students, Attribution Theory
Dai, Ting; Van Boekel, Martin; Cromley, Jennifer; Nelson, Frank; Fechter, Tia – Grantee Submission, 2018
This case study describes how our research team conducted the qualitative think-aloud approach (or cognitive pretesting) to obtaining cognitive validity evidence for a biology inference-making and reasoning measure for undergraduate students. The main goal of our work was to gather high-quality student think-aloud data of reasoning while they were…
Descriptors: Biology, Science Instruction, Problem Solving, Teaching Methods