A critical issue in using fine-grained gameplay data to measure learning processes is the development of indicators and the algorithms used to derive such indicators. Successful development--that is, developing traceable, interpretable, and sensitive-to-learning indicators--requires understanding the underlying theory, how the theory is…

The ability to generalize previous knowledge to new contexts is a key aspect of human cognition and relational learning. A well-known learning maxim is that breadth of training predicts "breadth of training predicts breadth of transfer." When examples vary in their surface features, this provides evidence that only the common relational…

For social and emotional learning (SEL) to be most effective, students must consistently access social and emotional knowledge and apply SEL skills across time and context. This article presents the Framework for the Pedagogies of SEL, which aims to theoretically articulate how teachers can support effective student SEL. We present an overview of…

As educators turn to technology to supplement classroom instruction, the integration of natural language processing (NLP) into educational technologies is vital for increasing student success. NLP involves the use of computers to analyze and respond to human language, including students' responses to a variety of assignments and tasks. While NLP…

What is the science of reading? The Reading League, in their document "Science of Reading: Defining Guide" (TRL, 2022), proposes that "The science of reading is a vast, interdisciplinary body of scientifically-based* research about reading and issues related to reading and writing." (p. 11.) The asterisk is carrying a lot of…

Increasing use of intelligent tutoring systems in education calls for analytic methods that can unravel students' learning behaviors. In this study, we explore a latent variable modeling approach for tracking learning flow during computer-interactive artificial tutoring. The study considers three models that give discrete profiles of a latent…

Reading and writing involve print-related and meaning-making processes, which draw on numerous skills and knowledge. The contributing skills and knowledge, and reading and writing have: a) hierarchical relations where lower order skills support higher order skills in a systematic and cascaded way; b) interactive relations where reading and writing…

The emergence of immersive digital technologies, such as shared Augmented Reality (shAR), Virtual Reality (VR) and Motion Capture (MC) offers promising new opportunities to advance our understanding of human cognition and design innovative technology-enhanced learning experiences. Theoretical frameworks for embodied and extended cognition can…

Since GPT-4's release it has shown novel abilities in a variety of domains. This paper explores the use of LLM-generated explanations as on-demand assistance for problems within the ASSISTments platform. In particular, we are studying whether GPT-generated explanations are better than nothing on problems that have no supports and whether…

A longstanding goal of learner modeling and educational data mining is to improve the domain model of knowledge that is used to make inferences about learning and performance. In this report we present a tool for finding domain models that is built into an existing modeling framework, logistic knowledge tracing (LKT). LKT allows the flexible…

Food routines are an ecocultural asset of Latino families. This cluster-randomized trial with 248 children (M[subscript age] = 67 months; 50% girls; 13 schools) investigated the impact of a 4-week family program designed to capitalize on food routines in improving Latino kindergarteners' outcomes in the United States. There were moderate-to-large…

This work proposes Dynamic Linear Epsilon-Greedy, a novel contextual multi-armed bandit algorithm that can adaptively assign personalized content to users while enabling unbiased statistical analysis. Traditional A/B testing and reinforcement learning approaches have trade-offs between empirical investigation and maximal impact on users. Our…

The objective in the current paper is to examine the processes of how our research team negotiated meaning using an iterative design approach as we established, developed, and refined a rubric to capture comprehension processes and strategies evident in students' verbal protocols. The overarching project comprises multiple data sets, multiple…

Although hypothetical learning trajectories (HLTs) are often viewed as a valuable instructional tool, little research has directly evaluated their value. A basic assumption of HLTs is that ordering instructional activities by developmental difficulty enhances learning. A randomized control trial (RCT) served to evaluate this assumption with a…

Visualizations are commonly used in educational materials, however not all visualizations are equally effective at promoting learning. Prior research has supported the idea that both perceptually rich and bland visualizations are beneficial for learning and generalization. We investigated whether the perceptual richness of a life cycle diagram…