This article argues that both comparative and provincially American studies can be enhanced through attention to the Crozierian perspective. Central elements of Crozier's theory of "illegitimate power" are abstracted, and the applications of Crozier's viewpoint to American settings are evaluated. (Author)

This model is based on considerations of formulation of political goals, a situational-power audit, identification of political targets, power tactics of the change agent and internal change unit, and monitoring of the change process. This should help increase the probability of successful change. (Author/BEF)

Political strategies and power tactics are necessary for the effective implementation of systemic change programs in organizations. Since the organization is a highly political environment, the consultant needs to develop both power bases and power strategies if he is to operate efficiently within such an environment. (Author)

This is a review of work done in the past twenty years with the Control Graph, including the evolution of Control-Graph studies, its relationship to other perspectives of organizations, and an overview of study findings. (Author)