Julian of Norwich (1342-1416), was a Christian mystic whose writings, "Revelation of Love" and "A Book of Showings," are the earliest surviving texts in the English language written by a woman. The question that has puzzled scholars for centuries follows: How could a woman of her time express her vision in such innovative and…

Although the number of women who served on Scotland's school boards (1873-1918) was not large, they made the case for female representation on public bodies both through their electoral campaigns and their record of office. Many were simultaneously active on parish and town councils and in feminist causes, with a few in the labour movement from…

Recent decades have witnessed the waning fortunes of social class as a historical category of analysis. In particular working-class education is rarely discussed in historiography although there has been significant work done in this area, particularly in adult education and literacy. A reassessment of these studies allows us to examine the ways…

Argues that displaying the transnationalism idea opens the way to exploring the rotation of people and ideas beyond national boundaries. Focuses on educator/lecturer's, Harriet Christian Newcomb and Margaret Emily Hodge, who furthered the enfranchisement of women in Australia and New Zealand and the beginning of the British Dominions Woman…

Offers a textual map of ways that two Church Missionary Society women, Marianne Coldham Williams and Jane Nelson Williams, established networks predominantly with their evangelical sisters in England that simultaneously supported, justified, and reinforced their work as missionary educators in Aotearoa, New Zealand from 1823 to 1840. (KDR)

Kindergarten pedagogy, which was based on educational play and cognitive development, was designed by the German Friedrich Frobel in the 1840s to train the future citizens of the new state that liberals aspired to create. It created a professional role for women, whom Frobel believed were innately gifted teachers of young children. German…

Searching for evidence written about or by women regarding past lives and experiences has raised challenges about what counts as an archive. Archives provide a form of connection between past and present and are a form of memory storing, memory-recording and memory-making. Records such as letters, diaries, and journals that may have been…

Discusses the feminist work of Shena D. Simon. Conceptualizes two goals: (1) to move Shena Simon from the margins of history; and (2) to use biography to explore questions of political identity and gendered dynamics of political involvement. (KDR)

Focuses on the Napier High School Board of Governors and Mary Elizabeth Grenside Hewett, an 1883 New Zealand principal. Concludes that a review of the New Zealand database of women graduate teachers 1880-1930, and the exchange of women graduates from New Zealand and Great Britain, provides details of their international teaching careers. (KDR)

Discusses the development of middle class, public secondary Scottish schools for girls over 14 years old in the latter 1800s. States these institutions opened the door for the Scottish women's movement, allowing women to pursue public positions. Clarifies that the movement was still in its early stages by the late 1800s. (KDR)

Notes a lack of recognition for Sarah Austin, an English educationist, who translated the work of Victor Cousins, a French comparative educationist. Male educationists were promoted as founding fathers of education history in the 19th century. Discusses social and women's politics as factors in considering female educators of value in comparative…

Explores the Julia Flynn affair that triggered a tumultuous episode in Australian education when in 1929, Flynn was demoted to her position of assistant chief inspector and not confirmed as the chief inspector. Explains that Flynn eventually was appointed as chief inspector in 1936 and served until 1942. (CMK)

Presents the results of a historical survey of the contemporaries of Harriet Martineau who were born in the United Kingdom between 1792 and 1812. Focuses on the length of life, marital status, number of children, women's occupations, husbands' occupations (of married women), and fathers' occupations (of unmarried women). (CMK)

Provides background information on the state of women teachers' positions in the Netherlands. Addresses changes that accelerated the feminization of teaching and limiting factors faced by women teachers. Discusses three strategies employed by Dutch women teachers and offers a comparative perspective of the position of women teachers until 1920.…

Contends that the history of women's education in the United States is frequently told as a story of triumph over resistance and discouragement. Asserts that, in general, African American men viewed women with a greater sense of equality than was the norm within white society. (CFR)