Descriptor
| Adult Development | 3 |
| Biological Influences | 3 |
| Models | 3 |
| Self Determination | 3 |
| Social Influences | 3 |
| Developmental Psychology | 2 |
| Developmental Stages | 2 |
| Personality | 1 |
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| Human Development | 3 |
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| Journal Articles | 3 |
| Opinion Papers | 3 |
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Peer reviewedDannefer, Dale – Human Development, 1996
Agrees with Levenson and Crumpler's critique of ontogenetic theories as overly stressing biological determinism. Disagrees with their proposal, in discussing sociogenic and liberative models, that social influences be confined to a weak determinism. Suggests that a problem for developmental theories is to understand ways of increasing individuals'…
Descriptors: Adult Development, Biological Influences, Developmental Psychology, Models
Peer reviewedVaillant, George E. – Human Development, 1996
Sees Levenson and Crumpler's liberative model as idealistic, and critiques apparently anti-materialistic implications of the model. Maintains that Levenson and Crumpler's suggestion that the goal of adult development is to free the individual from environmental and biological influences is bad science but constitutes a valuable sermon. (BC)
Descriptors: Adult Development, Biological Influences, Developmental Stages, Models
Peer reviewedLevenson, Michael R.; Crumpler, Cheryl A. – Human Development, 1996
Compares ontogenetic models, which stress development through a series of stages; sociogenic models, which stress the influence of social context on adult behavior; and liberative models. Liberative models do not treat adult development as entirely dependent on biological or social determinism, and do stress individuals' conscious efforts at…
Descriptors: Adult Development, Biological Influences, Developmental Psychology, Developmental Stages
