Interviews with managers caught between traditional organizational culture and a shift to "learning organizations" show that individual development is important to organizational change; efforts to change managers to fit a culture defined by top management may not succeed if the vision is not shared; and spiritual and moral dimensions of…

Interviews with 256 Russian owners of companies created since 1986 found that owners involved peers, but not subordinates, in decision making; had fewer authoritarian and many situational leadership styles; women used more consultative decision making; work design and performance-management interventions used more often than training/development…