Immersive extended reality (XR) technologies, including augmented reality (AR), virtual reality, and mixed reality, are transforming the landscape of education and training through experiences that promote skill acquisition and enhance memory retention. These technologies have notably improved decision making and situational awareness in public…

As an excellent means of improving students' effective learning, knowledge tracking can assess the level of knowledge mastery and discover latent learning patterns based on students' historical learning evaluation of related questions. The advantage of knowledge tracking is that it can better organize and adjust students' learning plans, provide…

Recommender systems are increasingly being used in university or online education. However, recommender systems still have not found major usage in K12 education. This may be because of the unique challenges that recommender systems face when used by a young and diverse population. However, recommender systems for K12 education could provide many…

As education constitutes an essential development standard for individuals and societies, researchers have been exploring the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in this domain and have embedded the technology within it through a myriad of applications. In order to provide a detailed overview of the efforts, this article pays particular attention…

Education is a dynamic field that must be adaptable to sudden changes and disruptions caused by events like pandemics, war, and natural disasters related to climate change. When these events occur, traditional classrooms with traditional or blended delivery can shift to fully online learning, which requires an efficient learning environment that…

This article presents a general-purpose method for detecting cheating in online courses, which combines anomaly detection and supervised machine learning. Using features that are rooted in psychometrics and learning analytics literature, and capture anomalies in learner behavior and response patterns, we demonstrate that a classifier that is…

Student question generation (SQG) is an effective strategy for improving reading comprehension. It helps students improve their understanding of reading materials, metacognitively monitor their comprehension, and self-correct comprehension gaps. Internet technologies have been used to facilitate SQG process through intensive peer support. However,…

The objective of question generation from knowledge graphs (KGQG) is to create coherent and answerable questions from a given subgraph and a specified answer entity. KGQG has garnered significant attention due to its pivotal role in enhancing online education. Encoder-decoder architectures have advanced traditional KGQG approaches. However, these…

Knowledge tracing is a well-known problem in AI for education, consisting of monitoring how the knowledge state of students changes during the learning process and accurately predicting their performance in future exercises. In recent years, many advances have been made thanks to various machine learning and deep learning techniques. Despite their…

In this article, we analyze the potential of conversational frameworks to support the adaptation of existing tutoring systems to a natural language form of interaction. We have based our research on a pilot study, in which the open-source machine learning framework Rasa has been used to build a conversational agent that interacts with an existing…

Online Judge (OJ) systems are typically considered within programming-related courses as they yield fast and objective assessments of the code developed by the students. Such an evaluation generally provides a single decision based on a rubric, most commonly whether the submission successfully accomplished the assignment. Nevertheless, since in an…

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence and its increasing societal impacts have turned many computing educators' focus toward early education in machine learning (ML). Limited options for educational tools for teaching novice learners about the mechanisms of ML and data-driven systems presents a recognized challenge in K-12 computing…

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced smart education in the artificial general intelligence era. A promising application lies in the automatic generalization of instructional design for curriculum and learning activities, focusing on two key aspects: 1) customized generation: generating niche-targeted teaching content based on…

Classroom engagement is a critical factor for evaluating students' learning outcomes and teachers' instructional strategies. Traditional methods for detecting classroom engagement, such as coding and questionnaires, are often limited by delays, subjectivity, and external interference. While some neural network models have been proposed to detect…

As one of the fundamental tasks in the online learning platform, interactive course recommendation (ICR) aims to maximize the long-term learning efficiency of each student, through actively exploring and exploiting the student's feedbacks, and accordingly conducting personalized course recommendation. Recently, deep reinforcement learning (DRL)…