Data are fundamental to Learning Analytics (LA) research and practice. However, the ethical use of data, particularly in terms of respecting learners' privacy rights, is a potential barrier that could hinder the widespread adoption of LA in the education industry. Despite the policies and guidelines of privacy protection being available worldwide,…

The attribution of learning success or failure is crucial for students' learning and motivation. Effective attribution of their learning success or failure in the context of a small private online course (SPOC) could generate students' motivation toward learning success while an incorrect attribution would lead to a sense of helplessness. Based on…