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Perez-Salas, Claudia P.; Streiner, David L.; Roberts, Maxwell J. – Intelligence, 2012
The nature of contextual facilitation effects for items derived from Raven's Progressive Matrices was investigated in two experiments. For these, the original matrices were modified, creating either abstract versions with high element salience, or versions which comprised realistic entities set in familiar contexts. In order to replicate and…
Descriptors: Context Effect, Cognitive Processes, Experiments, Correlation
Rose, Susan A.; Feldman, Judith F.; Jankowski, Jeffery J.; Van Rossem, Ronan – Intelligence, 2011
Although it is well established that preterms as a group do poorly relative to their full-term peers on tests of global cognitive functioning, the basis for this relative deficiency is less understood. The present paper examines preterm deficits in core cognitive abilities and determines their role in mediating preterm/full-term differences in IQ.…
Descriptors: Body Weight, Structural Equation Models, Intelligence Quotient, Premature Infants
Rose, Susan A.; Feldman, Judith F.; Jankowski, Jeffery J.; Rossem, Ronan V. – Intelligence, 2008
Using data from a longitudinal study of preterms and full-terms, the present study examined the structure of infant cognition at 12 months, the extent to which five 12-month abilities (attention, processing speed, recognition, recall, and representational competence) mediated the relation from prematurity to mental development at 2-3 years, and…
Descriptors: Infants, Cognitive Development, Comparative Analysis, Cognitive Processes

Carlin, Michael T.; Hobbs, Kathryn L.; Bud, Melissa J.; Soraci, Sal A. – Intelligence, 1999
Tested 8 individuals with mental retardation or autism and 16 individuals without either condition for their ability to detect a form in a random-dot kinematogram. The presence and generalization of training effects in those who initially did not meet criterion performance suggests that initial failures may be due in part to postperceptual…
Descriptors: Adults, Autism, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis
Processing of Visual--Action Codes by Deaf and Hearing Children: Coding Orientation or "M"-Capacity?

Todman, John; Cowdy, Natascha – Intelligence, 1993
Results from a study in which 25 deaf children and 25 hearing children completed a vocabulary test and a compound stimulus visual information task support the hypothesis that performance on cognitive tasks is dependent on compatibility of task demands with a coding orientation. (SLD)
Descriptors: Children, Coding, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis
Camarata, Stephen; Woodcock, Richard – Intelligence, 2006
The purpose of this study was to compare the cognitive abilities and selected achievement performance of females and males across the lifespan on standardization samples of broad cognitive abilities in 1987 participants (1102 females, 885 males) from the WJ III, 4253 participants (2014 males, 2239 females) from the WJ-R, and 4225 participants…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Reading Fluency, Gender Differences, Academic Achievement
Naglieri, Jack A.; Rojahn, Johannes; Matto, Holly C. – Intelligence, 2007
Hispanics have become the largest minority group in the United States. Hispanic children typically come from working class homes with parents who have limited English language skills and educational training. This presents challenges to psychologists who assess these children using traditional IQ tests because of the considerable verbal and…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Language Skills, Minority Groups, Hispanic American Students

Woodley-Zanthos, Pamela – Intelligence, 1993
Two experiments compared recognition memory of 85 nonretarded and 85 mildly mentally retarded adolescents immediately and 1 week after presentation of word stimuli of semantic incidental, nonsemantic incidental, or intentional orienting instructions. Results suggest similar processing in mildly retarded and nonretarded persons, with longer…
Descriptors: Adolescents, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Intelligence

Soraci, Sal A., Jr.; And Others – Intelligence, 1990
Detection differences between 16 mildly mentally retarded and 14 nonretarded students aged about 16 years were studied via the presentation of high, intermediate, and low stimulus organizations of target and distractor stimuli. Implications for explaining intelligence-related differences across a range of tasks are discussed. (SLD)
Descriptors: Adolescents, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis

Swanson, H. Lee – Intelligence, 1988
The differences between learning disabled (LD) and non-LD children's problem-solving protocols were analyzed during a picture arrangement task. Although the groups of 29 LD and 27 non-LD children were comparable in global mental processing and task performance, LD children had difficulty with representing problems and deleting irrelevant…
Descriptors: Children, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis, Elementary Education

Lynn, Richard; And Others – Intelligence, 1988
Major visuospatial and verbal abilities were assessed for 197 10-year-olds in Hong Kong and 170 10-year-olds in the United Kingdom. The Hong Kong subjects resembled their Japanese counterparts in having high Searman's "g," exhibiting abstract reasoning ability, high spatial ability, high perceptual speed, and low word fluency. (SLD)
Descriptors: Abstract Reasoning, Children, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis