African-Americans and Whites were asked to solve problems typical of those administered on standard tests of intelligence. Half of the problems were solvable on the basis of information generally available to either race and/or on the basis of information newly learned. Such knowledge did not vary with race. Other problems were only solvable on…

In this study, cross-cultural differences in cognitive test scores are hypothesized to depend on a test's cultural complexity (Cultural Complexity Hypothesis: CCH), here conceptualized as its content familiarity, rather than on its cognitive complexity (Spearman's Hypothesis: SH). The content familiarity of tests assessing short-term memory,…

Tested the hypothesis that the Raven's Advanced Progressive Matrices test has the same construct validity in African university students that it does in non-African university students. Differences in results for 294 engineering students in South Africa show that differences are not attributable to cultural peculiarities of the test, but are a…

Factors that might influence differential item functioning values associated with 217 Scholastic Assessment Test and 234 Graduate Record Examination analogy items were studied with black examinees and white examinees. For 11 test forms, the median numbers of examinees were 6,265 blacks and 37,735 whites. The significant ethnic comparisons are…

Administered an intelligence test to blacks and whites in 2 studies involving 254 community college students and 2 more studies involving 115 community college students. Results show that differences in knowledge between blacks and whites for items on an intelligence test, the meanings of words, can be eliminated when equal opportunities for…

This book focuses on topics germane to cognitive abilities viewed from a "minority psychology" perspective. The most contentious chapters concern test bias and heredity, with culture, socioeconomic status, and case viewed as the chief explanations for test score differences between social classes and racial and ethnic groups. The reviewer…

College students from different cultures (213 U.S., 229 British, and 164 Japanese) estimated their own multiple IQ scores and those of their parents and siblings. Overall results show consistency in sex differences of ratings across cultures, but differences in level of estimated IQ, possibly as a result of cultural demands for modesty. Discusses…

Investigated whether group differences between immigrants and majority group members are best described as Jensen effects or as cultural effects and studied the bias of culture-reduced tests and culture-loaded tests. Findings from 2 studies involving 786 and 267 immigrants and comparable control groups demonstrate the presence of Jensen effects…

Ecocultural bias in the Preschool Intelligence Test and the Adult Verbal Aptitude Test was studied. Test results with 177 five- and six-year-olds and 168 mothers in neighborhoods with similar lifestyles and economies in the Philippines show need to screen items for bias. Tests of crystallized abilities had greatest potential for bias. Culturally…

Whether variability in adult cognitive performance was associated with variability in dietary energy intake quality was studied with 54 male and 101 female Egyptians. Results emphasize the importance of nutritional intake for adult cognition even in populations that are not clinically malnourished. (SLD)

Administered two intelligence batteries and a computer-assisted elementary cognitive test battery to 474 second-generation migrant and 747 majority-group students, aged 6 to 12 years, in the Netherlands. Findings suggest that performance differences between these groups are better predicted by a cultural complexity ("c") factor than by…

A battery of "g" loaded mental ability tests was administered to 274 Bedouin children and adolescents, full and half siblings from 106 families. Results demonstrate internal validity for the tests in this cultural context and support the idea that shared family environment is a strong determinant of sibling similarity for children in the…