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Jarosz, Andrew F.; Wiley, Jennifer – Intelligence, 2012
Current theories concerning individual differences in working memory capacity (WMC) suggest that WMC reflects the ability to control the focus of attention and resist interference and distraction. The current set of experiments tested whether susceptibility to distraction is partially responsible for the established relationship between…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Individual Differences, Correlation, Task Analysis
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Houlihan, Michael; Stelmack, Robert M. – Intelligence, 2012
The relation between mental ability and the ability to detect violations of an abstract, third-order conjunction rule was examined using event-related potential measures, specifically mismatch negativity (MMN). The primary objective was to determine whether the extraction of invariant relations based on abstract conjunctions between two…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Correlation, Females, Auditory Stimuli
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Ghisletta, Paolo; Rabbitt, Patrick; Lunn, Mary; Lindenberger, Ulman – Intelligence, 2012
Many aspects of cognition decline from middle to late adulthood, but the dimensionality and generality of this decline have rarely been examined. We analyzed 20-year longitudinal data of 6203 middle-aged to very old adults from Greater Manchester and Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. Participants were assessed up to eight times on 20 tasks of fluid…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Individual Differences, Memory, Foreign Countries
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Unsworth, Nash; Redick, Thomas S.; Lakey, Chad E.; Young, Diana L. – Intelligence, 2010
A latent variable analysis was conducted to examine the nature of individual differences in lapses of attention and their relation to executive and fluid abilities. Participants performed a sustained attention task along with multiple measures of executive control and fluid abilities. Lapses of attention were indexed based on the slowest reaction…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Short Term Memory, Attention Control, Individual Differences
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Colom, Roberto; Martinez-Molina, Agustin; Shih, Pei Chun; Santacreu, Jose – Intelligence, 2010
Multitasking performance is relevant in everyday life and job analyses highlight the influence of multitasking over several diverse occupations. Intelligence is the best single predictor of overall job performance and it is also related to individual differences in multitasking. However, it has been shown that working memory capacity (WMC) is…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Personnel Selection, Job Performance, Short Term Memory
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Troche, Stefan J.; Houlihan, Michael E.; Stelmack, Robert M.; Rammsayer, Thomas H. – Intelligence, 2009
Individual differences in mental ability (MA) were examined with event-related potentials (ERP). In addition to using an auditory frequency discrimination task, a duration discrimination task was used to elicit P300 and mismatch negativity (MMN) components of the ERP. Frequency and duration P300 latencies explained 9% and 10% of variance of MAB…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Processes, Individual Differences
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Waiter, Gordon D.; Deary, Ian J.; Staff, Roger T.; Murray, Alison D.; Fox, Helen C.; Starr, John M.; Whalley, Lawrence J. – Intelligence, 2009
To explore the possible neural foundations of individual differences in intelligence test scores, we examined the associations between Raven's Matrices scores and two tasks that were administered in a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) setting. The two tasks were an n-back working memory (N = 37) task and inspection time (N = 47). The…
Descriptors: Intelligence, Intelligence Tests, Diagnostic Tests, Short Term Memory
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Rypma, Bart; Prabhakaran, Vivek – Intelligence, 2009
An enduring enterprise of experimental psychology has been to account for individual differences in human performance. Recent advances in neuroimaging have permitted testing of hypotheses regarding the neural bases of individual differences but this burgeoning literature has been characterized by inconsistent results. We argue that careful design…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Diagnostic Tests, Short Term Memory, Brain
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Hunt, Earl; MacLeod, Colin M. – Intelligence, 1978
The contrasting approaches of differential psychology and cognitive psychology to the same individual differences data are outlined. Using data from the Clark and Chase sentence-picture verification task, four loci of conflict between these two disciplines are identified: (1) theory versus measurement; (2) meaningfulness versus reliability; (3)…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Cognitive Processes, Data Analysis, Experimental Psychology