Technological mediums such as dynamic environments with drag-and-drop features have been considered promising agents in helping students explore and generate conjectures about mathematical concepts. This study investigated the dragging modalities sixth and seventh-grade students use in solving proportional problems in a dynamic geometry…

This study investigated the effects of teaching via virtual reality (VR) on creative design performance and creative experiential learning processes by using a pretest--post-test nonequivalent group design to sample 138 seventh graders from a junior high school in Taipei City. The main conclusions from this study are: (1) VR has significant…

Augmented reality (AR) recently shows great potential to facilitate students' learning, especially their learning performance and motivation. However, few studies considered learners' emotional factors such as learning anxiety, which may influence the learning results. This study aims to explore how different experimental conditions (AR &…

This study examines the effectiveness of using augmented reality (AR) in gaining historical empathy skills. AR cards were used in different periods of the history lesson. A mixed design method including pre-test and post-test is used to A mixed methods research design with pre-test and post-test is used to determine the developments in empathy…

Due to the features of immersive learning and without the restrictions of time and place, virtual reality (VR) is commonly used in learning areas. For investigating functional design in the VR learning environment, previous literature proposed a series of theoretical models and strategies without considering the key factors for their development.…

This study focuses on an educational game titled "Cellverse," a two-player cross-platform VR project intended to teach high school biology students about cell structure and function. In "Cellverse," players work in pairs to explore a human lung cell and diagnose and treat a dangerous genetic disorder. "Cellverse" is…

Well-designed educational Augmented Reality (AR) experiences support collaboration, transferability to the real world, situated, and experiential learning. Nevertheless, envisioning engaging yet effective learning and teaching experiences is a challenge. Most teachers are not technologically ready to create AR experiences and rely upon closed…

This study investigated student engagement and focused attention in three co-creation environments (a paper-based environment, the 2D Jamboard platform, and the CoSpaces virtual reality (VR) platform). The study utilized a quasi-experimental research design with a total of 66 tenth-grade students including 34 males (52%) and 32 females (48%) from…

Engineering drawing is valuable in capturing geometric features, conveying engineering ideas, and creating a blueprint of the intended product. Engineering students usually perform orthographic projections, imagining a 3D situation and sketching its 2D representation. That requires imagination and mental visualization, determined by the learner's…

Traditional science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education is sometimes criticized for lacking approaches to present real-world practices and phenomena beyond naked eyes. Head-mounted display virtual reality (HMD VR) provides opportunities to solve this issue. However, little is known about the impact of this approach on…

This study is based on assessing the potential of augmented reality (AR) and infographics in science learning, emphasizing the synergistic effect on improving learning. The study investigates the impact of the combination of AR and infographic design on learning biology. Seventy-five 10th grade male students participated in this study, which…

Inquiry-based learning (IBL) is one of the most important learning strategies. Augmented Reality (AR) is an effective way to support this strategy, which is considered conducive to enhance academic achievements of students during IBL. This paper investigated teacher-student interactions during AR-supported IBL by comparison and case study. First,…

Attentional control theory indicates that concentration is considered an important variable that contributes to learning. There are some devices for players to practice their concentration, but there are few virtual reality (VR) designs which can increase the level of difficulty for students to discipline their mental concentration with…

In science education, chemistry is a discipline that involves macroscopic matter and microscopic particles. It is difficult for the traditional teaching approach to help learners comprehend abstract chemical knowledge. Researchers have attempted to use Virtual Reality (VR) to help learners realize meaningful knowledge via visualizing the learning…

Pottery making in technology education aims to foster students' practical and creative ability. In a typical pottery making class, students receive the teacher's instruction on the fundamental techniques used in pottery making and have opportunities to practice. It is meaningful to construct an observation-doing-reflection process for students in…