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Winters, Scarlett; Farnsworth, Kimberly; Berry, Douglas; Ellard, Susan; Glazewski, Krista; Brush, Thomas – Interactive Learning Environments, 2023
This study used an explanatory mixed methods research design to examine the scaffolding strategies of middle school teachers during a design problem-based learning (PBL) unit. Both quantitative and qualitative techniques were used in data collection and analysis, and the findings were integrated for interpretation. Our analysis of classroom…
Descriptors: Middle School Students, Problem Based Learning, Classroom Observation Techniques, Cognitive Structures
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Sung, Han-Yu; Hwang, Gwo-Jen; Chen, Shan-Feng – Interactive Learning Environments, 2019
Owing to the popularity of tablet computers and smart phones, e-books have become an important medium for both formal and informal learning. However, conventional e-books are mainly designed to provide information in the form of multimedia, implying that students spend most of their time memorizing and comprehending what they read from e-books,…
Descriptors: Problem Based Learning, Problem Solving, Electronic Publishing, Books