Recently, researchers have proposed to leverage technology-supported data (log files) to investigate temporal and sequential patterns of interaction behaviors in learning processes. There are two major challenges to be addressed: clarifying the positioning of interaction levels and identifying the evolution of the interaction action patterns in…

The necessity for students to clarify their own cognitive structure and the amount of their knowledge mastery for self-reflection is often ignored in building the student model in the adaptive model, which makes the construction of the cognitive structure pointless. Simultaneously, knowledge forgetting causes students' knowledge level to fall…

Today computing is intricate in all aspects of our lives, beginning with communications and education to banking, information security, health, shopping, and social media. Development of the computing is proportional to the development of software which is becoming a serious part of all daily lives. This paper, therefore, assessed the impact of…

Computer programming is essential nowadays but still challenging to learn due to its invisible thinking. Current programming environments are mostly designed for operating on computers directly to learn concrete programming, but this approach lacks the support for clarifying learners' thinking processes. On the other hand, using paper and pens…

Tiny and affordable computers (e.g. Raspberry Pi and Arduino) have been widely applied to technology-enhanced hands-on learning (THL). However, little scholarly attention has been devoted to the key factors behind students' performance in THL contexts. Therefore, this study not only helped the participants learn computer science through THL, but…

Computational thinking is an important skill in computer science since the 1960s, and it is closely related to problem solving. Almost all research related to computational thinking mentions problem solving. Although some research has been conducted on computational thinking, few studies examined the impact of personal traits on students'…

In this study, an interactive programming learning environment was built with two types of error prompt functions: 1) the key prompt and 2) step-by-step prompt. A quasi-experimental study was conducted for five weeks, in which 75 sixth grade students from disadvantaged learning environments in Taipei, Taiwan, were divided into three groups: 1) the…

The game-based learning approach to developing students' computational thinking (CT) current has received attention from researchers. However, the compatibility between games and instruction is often insufficient to accommodate the entertaining and educational nature of the curriculum entirely, and the benefits of game-based learning could be…

In this study, a predictive model is constructed to analyze learners' performance in programming tasks using data of programming behavioral events and behavioral sequences. First, this study identifies behavioral events from log data and applies lag sequence analysis to extract behavioral sequences that reflect learners' programming strategies.…

To address the problem of poor efficacy in hybrid learning in higher education, this study conducted a mix-method explanatory case study with structural equation modelling to examine a new construct, "perceived pedagogical value" (PPV), and its relationship with the core constructs of the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of…

Programming ability is the core ability of this era and can be obtained and improved through practice. In this paper, an Automated Programming Assessment system based on Mastery learning and Peer competition (APAMP) was proposed and developed. APAMP allows students to practice repeatedly by providing immediate feedback after their programs are…

This research, students' technology acceptance, KSB, community of inquiry (CoI), and social interaction space situations were examined in collaborative learning where Zoom was used as a CSCL tool in computer programming courses, and the structural relationships between these variables were revealed. The research was carried out on 162 university…

The purpose of this study is to develop an intervention framework based on video clickstream interactions for delivering superior user experience for video lectures. Apart from existing studies on data-driven interventions, this study focuses on video clickstream interactions to identify timely interventions for creating interactive video…

Over the past years, higher education institutions have been exploring different mechanisms to adapt their learning and teaching practices to increase students' engagement. One of the proposals has been to reuse Massive Online Open Courses (MOOCs) as Small Online Private Courses (SPOCs), or as complementary resources in traditional courses through…

In this paper, to handle the problem of the quick evolution of cyber-security attacks, we developed the iMonsters board game and proposed the attack and defense knowledge self-evolving algorithm. Three versions of the iMonsters were launched in 2013, 2017, and 2019, respectively. Accordingly, the cyber-security ontology can be refined by the…