Speaking English as a foreign language (EFL) requires the proper instructional techniques and tactics. Since then, other techniques, including online scaffolding or more knowledgeable other in the speaking improvement, have been used. The current research employs scaffolding to teach speaking in comparison to teacher-guided. The goal of this…

Experimental learning is one kind of contextual learning, which places learners in a variety of virtual or real contexts to acquire knowledge, gain ability and experience, and generates emotion through experiencing and perceiving, communicating and exploring, and self-reflecting. Applying VR technology to experiential learning involves both…

The HyFlex learning model has gained popularity in recent years and, with the outbreak of COVID-19, the demand has increased. However, there are challenges associated with the model, especially related to equity and engagement. A HyFlex model known as Interactive Synchronous HyFlex is being developed and practised by the researchers in their…

An increasing number of MOOCs use learning videos featuring an instructor and slides, but there are few specific guidelines for the design of instructor images for these videos. A pedagogical agent (PA) is a kind of virtual instructor image in a learning video, and its image design is mostly guided by anthropomorphism. Our research attempts to…

Automated writing feedback supported by artificial intelligence (AI) techniques has attracted the attention of English as Foreign Language (EFL) researchers. However, there is insufficient evidence and inconsistent conclusions on the actual impacts of AI on students' writing skills. In addition, in the field of EFL writing, there are few studies…

Digital game-based and gamified technologies hold much promise to promote the development of learners' conceptual knowledge. This efficacy study used desktop virtual reality (dVR) to investigate how the place-based digital gameful learning experience (DGLE) "Watershed Explorers", implemented as a curriculum enhancement activity, impacted…

Recently, Virtual Reality (VR) has developed rapidly. Some studies propose that VR has a great deal of potential as an instructional media for learning, while other studies indicate that VR may be ineffective or even negatively influence learners' learning experience. Few studies provide reference to educators or teachers based on empirical data.…

This study used OpenTTD, a video game that supports in-depth experiential learning, to evaluate undergraduate students' opinions regarding supply chain and logistics management learning. The 101 undergraduate participants were assigned to either an experimental group or a control group. From the post-test questionnaires, the analytical results…