The aim of this explanatory study is to identify the causes of intrinsic cognitive load in programming process. For this purpose, a method based on two dimensions; programming knowledge types (syntactic, semantic, and strategic) and programming constructs was proposed. The proposed method was tested with high school students enrolled in Computer…

This study proposed a game-based flipped teaching approach and applied it to a HTML (HyperText Markup Language) course. We developed two versions of the pre-class content testing, one of which was game-based, using a "looking-through" game, and the other which was traditional, using a multiple-choice test. We conducted a teaching…

Competitive game-based learning has been widely discussed in terms of its positive and negative impacts on learners' learning effectiveness and learning behavior. Although different types of games require different kinds of knowledge to accomplish the task via competition, few studies have considered that knowledge types, such as procedural…

Student models are crucial components in personalised distance learning environments. These models usually include individual characteristics such as the level of knowledge of a given topic, the learning style or the type of personality, the level of participation and so on. However, when the focus is on group activities, these learning…