Virtual reality (VR) has been shown to induce excessive affective processing, which in turn impacts the learning process and learning outcomes. Therefore, a better understanding of emotional dynamics and how emotions are instigated while learning with VR is needed. For this purpose, the students learning process with a VR simulation was captured…

Monitoring one's learning activities is a key component of self-regulated learning (SRL) leading to successful learning and performance outcomes across settings. Achievement emotions also play an important part in SRL and consequently student learning outcomes. However, there is little research on how specific types of monitoring (i.e.…

Metaverse is an immersive three-dimensional (3D) virtual world inhabited by avatars beyond the physical realm. The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the education system and the need to accelerate the digitalization of education has received a lot of attention. Metaverse can be an alternative solution for sociocultural interaction and to continue…

Computer-based simulations are highly effective in supporting students' deep conceptual understanding of scientific ideas. However, in the unprecedented era of the COVID-19 outbreak, students around the world experienced an induced state anxiety, which may have affected their engagement with the learning environments and ultimately their academic…

Attentional control theory indicates that concentration is considered an important variable that contributes to learning. There are some devices for players to practice their concentration, but there are few virtual reality (VR) designs which can increase the level of difficulty for students to discipline their mental concentration with…

This study integrated augmented reality (AR) and three-dimensional (3D) maps into mobile learning for library use instruction. To maximize the benefits of mobile library applications (MLAs), their technology acceptance was examined. Because of the e-learning context, the General Extended Technology Acceptance Model for E-Learning (GETAMEL)…

English speaking has been seen as a challenge for many English as a foreign language (EFL) learners, since they have limited chances to practice English-speaking skills. Therefore, it is essential to provide learners with adequate English-speaking contexts. To address this issue, this study integrated virtual reality (VR) into English speaking…