Engineering drawing is valuable in capturing geometric features, conveying engineering ideas, and creating a blueprint of the intended product. Engineering students usually perform orthographic projections, imagining a 3D situation and sketching its 2D representation. That requires imagination and mental visualization, determined by the learner's…

Logical thinking and reasoning of geometric space are among the key abilities of science and technology education. This research developed a framework of an alternate reality-based board game incorporating augmented reality (AR) exploration with multi-dimensional scaffolding, including "cognitive scaffolding," "metacognitive…

The aim of the present study was to explore the learning usability factors of 3D modeling in virtual reality environment (VRE). Users' 3D modeling usability factors in VR were investigated through principal component analysis (PCA). Fifty industrial design students participated in the 3D modeling learning in VR experience experiment, and their…

This study compares the effect of Augmented Reality (AR) based virtual manipulatives to physical manipulatives for teaching geometric shapes to preschool children to improve their spatial skills. A quasi-experimental research design was utilized in order to answer the research questions. The context of the research was a public primary school in…

Furniture carpentry uses spatial structure and geometry, e.g. mortise-tenon joints, which require cognitive judgments of hidden views and spatial understanding. For the furniture carpentry novice, the idea of spatial geometry in the mortise-tenon joint is difficult to understand because furniture carpentry drawings are usually two-dimensional…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of augmented reality (AR) using a 3D app in a smartphone on students' learning outcomes and satisfaction in teaching angle measurement error to vocational high school students with different spatial ability. A quasi-experimental pretest/posttest was employed. There were 197 students from…

With the recent advancements in digital technologies, the design studios are transformed to virtual environments that offer both to design students and instructors a broader perspective in understanding the design process. As an integral part of design process, the supporting virtual tools enhance creativity in basic design studios. This study…

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) often find it difficult to communicate using body language and facial expressions to respond appropriately socially. This negatively affects the quality of their everyday social life. Children with ASD can learn to socially interact with virtual three-dimensional (3D) characters in animated games…

This study developed four AR games and investigated their influence on learning in a Grade 5 English course by integrating theories of digital game-based learning, the attention relevance confidence-satisfaction (ARCS) model, and different types of digital games. Moreover, the elements between AR game design and the ARCS model were examined. 147…