This paper presents a systematic review of the application models, affects, and performance outcomes of VR/AR in vocational education. The analysis is based on journal articles retrieved from renowned databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, and EBSCO, spanning from January 2000 to January 2022. It highlights the pedagogical value of VR/AR in teaching, presents the current research status of their implementation in vocational education, and suggests future research directions. VR/AR tools or environments have emerged in the past two decades to enhance vocational education, offering new ways to develop learner's practical abilities and theoretical concepts, innovate teaching methods, and advance vocational education. Although VR/AR is being integrated into classrooms, it is still in its early stages. Future research should focus on multidimensional investigations, cross-curricular integration, immersive training, and evaluating learning outcomes and learners and teachers' in-depth interactions with VR/AR technologies. This paper identifies research gaps, expands the scope, and provides directions for researchers and software designers.