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Tolvanen, Asko; Kiuru, Noona; Leskinen, Esko; Hakkarainen, Kai; Inkinen, Mikko; Lonka, Kirsti; Salmela-Aro, Katariina – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2011
This study presents a new approach to estimation of a nonlinear growth curve component with fixed and random effects in multilevel modeling. This approach can be used to estimate change in longitudinal data, such as day-of-the-week fluctuation. The motivation of the new approach is to avoid spurious estimates in a random coefficient regression…
Descriptors: Monte Carlo Methods, Computation, Longitudinal Studies, Teaching Methods
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Garner, Pamela W.; Curenton, Stephanie M.; Taylor, Kelli – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 2005
Two studies investigated the influence of age, language, and family background on the development of preschoolers' social cognitive skills. Study 1 examined variability in economically disadvantaged preschoolers' understanding of fantasy and evaluated the relation of age and language to children's skill in this area. Children were shown drawings…
Descriptors: Fantasy, Economically Disadvantaged, Preschool Children, Interpersonal Competence