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Abstraction in Action: K-5 Teachers' Uses of Levels of Abstraction, Particularly the Design Level, in Teaching Programming
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Waite, Jane Lisa; Curzon, Paul; Marsh, William; Sentance, Sue; Hadwen-Bennett, Alex – International Journal of Computer Science Education in Schools, 2018
Research indicates that understanding levels of abstraction (LOA) and being able to move between the levels is essential to programming success. For K-5 contexts LOA levels have been named: problem, design, code and running the code. In a qualitative exploratory study, five K-5 teachers were interviewed on their uses of LOA, particularly the…
Descriptors: Elementary School Teachers, Programming, Pedagogical Content Knowledge, Computation
Exploring the Development of Primary School Students' Computational Thinking and 21st Century Skills through Scaffolding: Voices from the Stakeholders
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Kukul, Volkan; Çakir, Recep – International Journal of Computer Science Education in Schools, 2020
Computational thinking (CT) has become a skill that is taught starting from an early age with its increasing popularity. In addition, the opinion that CT is related to other 21st century skills finds its place in the literature. The main purpose of this study is to identify the contributions of scaffolding-based game programming activities to…
Descriptors: Thinking Skills, 21st Century Skills, Skill Development, Scaffolding (Teaching Technique)