This mixed-methods benchmark study examined Saudi Arabian (SA) Eastern Province secondary students' understandings of the nature of science (NOS) in the Islamic context. To that end, two instruments, the Scientific Epistemological Views (SEVs) and an open-ended questionnaire about science and scientists were employed. Convenience sampling yielded…

Science education in China is Subject Matter Knowledge (SMK) oriented in that SMK understanding is the major benchmark to assess students' achievement in science learning. Such an orientation causes students to overemphasize the memorization of SMK and neglect other indispensable components of science, such as scientific attitudes and research…

This position paper addresses some enduring, as well as emerging issues, associated with the crucial question of benchmarking understandings about nature of science (NOS) for precollege science education. The question of benchmarking NOS understandings is revisited in light of the often cited, continuing debates among historians, philosophers, and…