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Leaf, Justin B.; Oppenheim-Leaf, Misty L.; Townley-Cochran, Donna; Leaf, Jeremy A.; Alcalay, Aditt; Milne, Christine; Kassardjian, Alyne; Tsuji, Kathleen; Dale, Stephanie; Leaf, Ronald; Taubman, Mitchell; McEachin, John – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2016
Individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have qualitative impairments in social interaction and often prefer food or tangible reinforcement to social reinforcement. Thus, therapists who work with children with ASD often use food or tangible items as reinforcers to increase appropriate behaviors or decrease problem behaviors. The goal of the…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Interpersonal Competence, Preferences
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Allison, Janelle; Wilder, David A.; Chong, Ivy; Lugo, Ashley; Pike, Jessica; Rudy, Nikki – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2012
We compared differential reinforcement plus escape extinction to noncontingent reinforcement plus escape extinction to treat food selectivity exhibited by a young child with autism. The interventions were equally effective for increasing bite acceptance and decreasing problem behaviors. However, a social validity measure suggested that…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Autism, Reinforcement, Young Children
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Ortega, Javier Virues; Iwata, Brian A.; Nogales-Gonzalez, Celia; Frades, Belen – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2012
We conducted 2 studies on reinforcer preference in patients with dementia. Results of preference assessments yielded differential selections by 14 participants. Unlike prior studies with individuals with intellectual disabilities, all participants showed a noticeable preference for leisure items over edible items. Results of a subsequent analysis…
Descriptors: Dementia, Mental Retardation, Patients, Reinforcement
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Bourret, Jason C.; Iwata, Brian A.; Harper, Jill M.; North, Stephen T. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2012
Five individuals with autism or other developmental disabilities participated in paired-stimulus preference assessments during repeated baseline probes. All subjects initially showed a pronounced bias by typically selecting the stimulus placed in either the left or right position. Biased responding for 3 subjects was eliminated when training…
Descriptors: Autism, Developmental Disabilities, Reinforcement, Mental Retardation
Luczynski, Kevin C.; Hanley, Gregory P. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2010
Studies that have assessed whether children prefer contingent reinforcement (CR) or noncontingent reinforcement (NCR) have shown that they prefer CR. Preference for CR has, however, been evaluated only under continuous reinforcement (CRF) schedules. The prevalence of intermittent reinforcement (INT) warrants an evaluation of whether preference for…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Behavior Modification, Contingency Management, Responses
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Frank-Crawford, Michelle A.; Borrero, John C.; Nguyen, Linda; Leon-Enriquez, Yanerys; Carreau-Webster, Abbey B.; DeLeon, Iser G. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2012
The delivery of food contingent on 10 s of consecutive toy engagement resulted in a decrease in engagement and a corresponding increase in other responses that had been previously reinforced with food. Similar effects were not observed when tokens exchangeable for the same food were delivered, suggesting that engagement was disrupted by the…
Descriptors: Behavior Modification, Probability, Food, Toys
Tiger, Jeffrey H.; Toussaint, Karen A.; Roath, Christopher T. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2010
The current study compared the effects of choice and no-choice reinforcement conditions on the task responding of 3 children with autism across 2 single-operant paradigm reinforcer assessments. The first assessment employed simple fixed-ratio (FR) schedules; the second used progressive-ratio (PR) schedules. The latter assessment identified the…
Descriptors: Autism, Behavior Modification, Reinforcement, Young Children
Rivas, Kristi D.; Piazza, Cathleen C.; Patel, Meeta R.; Bachmeyer, Melanie H. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2010
Little is known about the characteristics of meals that serve as motivating operations (MOs) for escape behavior. In the current investigation, we showed that the distance at which a therapist held a spoon from a child's lips served as an MO for escape behavior. Based on these results, we implemented spoon distance fading, compared fading with and…
Descriptors: Eating Habits, Eating Disorders, Behavior Problems, Children
Valdimarsdottir, Hildur; Halldorsdottir, Lilja Yr; Sigurdardottir, Zuilma Gabriela – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2010
A multiple baseline across settings was used to evaluate the effects of differential reinforcement of alternative behavior, nonremoval of the fork (Hoch, Babbitt, Coe, Krell, & Hackbert, 1994), and stimulus fading on consumption of food rejected previously. The study was conducted in two separate settings, and caregivers were trained in the…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Caregivers, Generalization, Food
Delmendo, Xeres; Borrero, John C.; Beauchamp, Kenneth L.; Francisco, Monica T. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2009
We conducted preference assessments with 4 typically developing children to identify potential reinforcers and assessed the reinforcing efficacy of those stimuli. Next, we tested two predictions of economic theory: that overall consumption (reinforcers obtained) would decrease as the unit price (response requirement per reinforcer) increased and…
Descriptors: Young Children, Reinforcement, Stimuli, Consumer Economics
Borrero, Carrie S. W.; Woods, Julia N.; Borrero, John C.; Masler, Elizabeth A.; Lesser, Aaron D. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2010
Functional analyses of inappropriate mealtime behavior typically include conditions to determine if the contingent delivery of attention, tangible items, or escape reinforce food refusal. In the current investigation, descriptive analyses were conducted for 25 children who had been admitted to a program for the assessment and treatment of food…
Descriptors: Topography, Behavior Modification, Probability, Eating Disorders
Kodak, Tiffany; Lerman, Dorothea C.; Call, Nathan – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2007
Factors that influence reinforcer choice have been examined in a number of applied studies (e.g., Neef, Mace, Shea, & Shade, 1992; Shore, Iwata, DeLeon, Kahng, & Smith, 1997; Tustin, 1994). However, no applied studies have evaluated the effects of postsession reinforcement on choice between concurrently available reinforcers, even though basic…
Descriptors: Developmental Disabilities, Children, Behavior Problems, Selection
Solberg, Katherine M.; Hanley, Gregory P.; Layer, Stacy A.; Ingvarsson, Einar T. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2007
The effects of reinforcement pairing and fading on preschoolers' snack selections were evaluated in a multiple baseline design. Baseline preferences for snack options were assessed via repeated paired-item preference assessments. Edible, social, and activity-based reinforcers were then exclusively paired with a less preferred snack option. Once…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Decision Making, Attitude Change, Preschool Children
North, Stephen T.; Iwata, Brian A. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2005
In Study 1, we examined the independent effects of reinforcer consumption during sessions and meal consumption prior to sessions on performance maintained by food reinforcement. Nine individuals with developmental disabilities participated. On alternate days, a preferred edible item was delivered during (a) seven sessions conducted before lunch…
Descriptors: Program Effectiveness, Developmental Disabilities, Behavior Modification, Reinforcement
Buckley, Scott D.; Newchok, Debra K. – Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 2005
We evaluated the effects of multiple treatment procedures, including simultaneous presentation of preferred foods, on the packing behavior of a 9-year-old girl with autism. A reversal design was used to assess the effects of differential reinforcement with response cost alone and with simultaneous presentation. In addition, simultaneous…
Descriptors: Reinforcement, Behavior Modification, Autism, Food
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