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Direct linkEscher, Jill; Yan, Wei; Rissman, Emilie F.; Wang, Hsiao-Lin V.; Hernandez, Arturo; Corces, Victor G. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2022
Investigations into the etiology of autism spectrum disorders have been largely confined to two realms: variations in DNA sequence and somatic developmental exposures. Here we suggest a third route--disruption of the germline epigenome induced by exogenous toxicants during a parent's gamete development. Similar to cases of germline mutation, these…
Descriptors: Etiology, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Genetics, Prenatal Influences
Anderson, George M. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2012
Genetic and epigenetic differences exist within monozygote twin-pairs and might be especially important in the expression of autism. Assuming phenotypic differences between monozygotic twins are due to environmental influences may lead to mistaken conclusions regarding the relative genetic and environmental contribution to autism risk.
Descriptors: Autism, Genetics, Environmental Influences, Twins
Rutter, Michael – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2013
New research findings provide major challenges regarding our understanding of the concept of autism. These are critically discussed in relation to research relevant to classification, genetics, environmental risk factors, gene-environment interplay, animal models, biomarkers, clinical features, neuropathology, pharmacotherapy, behavioral…
Descriptors: Autism, Concept Formation, Concept Teaching, Evidence
Rutter, Michael L. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2011
Scientific progress is discussed in relation to clinical issues; genetic issues; environmental issues; and the state of play on psychological treatments. It is concluded that substantial gains in knowledge have been achieved during the last 3 years, and there have been some unexpected findings, but major puzzles remain. We should be hopeful of…
Descriptors: Genetics, Autism, Genetic Disorders, Environmental Influences
Schendel, Diana E.; Bresnahan, Michaeline; Carter, Kim W.; Francis, Richard W.; Gissler, Mika; Grønborg, Therese K.; Gross, Raz; Gunnes, Nina; Hornig, Mady; Hultman, Christina M.; Langridge, Amanda; Lauritsen, Marlene B.; Leonard, Helen; Parner, Erik T.; Reichenberg, Abraham; Sandin, Sven; Sourander, Andre; Stoltenberg, Camilla; Suominen, Auli; Surén, Pål; Susser, Ezra – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2013
The International Collaboration for Autism Registry Epidemiology (iCARE) is the first multinational research consortium (Australia, Denmark, Finland, Israel, Norway, Sweden, USA) to promote research in autism geographical and temporal heterogeneity, phenotype, family and life course patterns, and etiology. iCARE devised solutions to challenges in…
Descriptors: Autism, Epidemiology, International Cooperation, Consortia
Bohm, Henry V.; Stewart, Melbourne G. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2009
In the development of genetic theories of Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD) various characteristics of monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins are often considered. This paper sets forth a possible refinement in the interpretation of the MZ twin concordance percentages for ASD underlying such genetic theories, and, drawing the consequences from…
Descriptors: Twins, Autism, Genetics, Genetic Disorders
Peer reviewedSmalley, Susan L.; Collins, Francis – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1996
Evidence for the genetic basis of autism is offered, as is evidence that environmental determinants also play a role. Research involving the Human Genome Project, using linkage analysis with affected autistic sibling pairs to identify polymorphic marker genes, is described and proposed. (DB)
Descriptors: Autism, Environmental Influences, Etiology, Genetics
Ishijima, Michiko; Kurita, Hiroshi – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2007
The first case study of identical male twins concordant for DSM-IV Asperger's disorder (ASD) was presented. Their monozygocity was confirmed by short tandem repeat analyses with a probability of 99.999963%. Despite sharing the same DNA and environment, the twins are different in comorbidity (i.e., major depressive disorder in the elder and absence…
Descriptors: Case Studies, Behavior Problems, Probability, Neurology
Peer reviewedVoeller, Kytja K. S. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1996
This paper explores the neural systems underlying social behaviors as they pertain to autism. It discusses major channels for transmission of social-emotional information, neural pathways subserving social behaviors, and social cognition in autism. A hypothesis of autism based on deviant development of the widely distributed neural system…
Descriptors: Autism, Biological Influences, Cognitive Processes, Etiology
