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Examining Diagnostic Trends and Gender Differences in the ADOS-II
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Ingrid S. Tien; Amanda R. Johnson; Junok Kim; Jeffrey J. Wood – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2025
Approximately 3-4 boys for every girl meet the clinical criteria for autism in studies of community diagnostic patterns and studies of autism using samples of convenience. However, girls with autism have been hypothesized to be underdiagnosed, possibly because they may present with differing symptom profiles as compared to boys. This secondary…
Descriptors: Clinical Diagnosis, Gender Differences, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Sex Differences on the ADOS-2
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Rea, Hannah M.; Øien, Roald A.; Shic, Frederick; Webb, Sara Jane; Ratto, Allison B. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2023
The sex difference in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) may be magnified by sex differences on diagnostic measures. The current study compared autistic males and females on items on the gold-standard diagnostic measure, the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2). In a sample of 8-to-17-year old autistic…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Diagnostic Tests, Observation, Autism Spectrum Disorders
Sex- and Age-Related Differences in Autistic Behaviours in Children with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
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Chisholm, Anita K.; Lami, Francesca; Haebich, Kristina M.; Ure, Alex; Brignell, Amanda; Maloof, Tiba; Pride, Natalie A.; Walsh, Karin S.; Maier, Alice; Rouel, Melissa; Granader, Yael; Barton, Belinda; Darke, Hayley; Fuelscher, Ian; Dabscheck, Gabriel; Anderson, Vicki A.; Williams, Katrina; North, Kathryn N.; Payne, Jonathan M. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2023
This study investigated sex and age differences in autistic behaviours in children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) who scored within the clinical range on the Social Responsiveness Scale - Second Edition (T score [greater than or equal to] 60). Thirty-four males and 28 females (3-16 years) were assessed with the Autism Diagnostic Observation…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Age Differences, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
Associations among Sex, Cognitive Ability, and Autism Symptoms in Individuals with Down Syndrome
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Laura del Hoyo Soriano; Audra Sterling; Jamie Edgin; Debra R. Hamilton; Elizabeth Berry-Kravis; Amanda Dimachkie Nunnally; Angela John Thurman; Leonard Abbeduto – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2024
This study explores sex-differences in (a) rates and profiles of autism symptoms as well as in (b) the contribution of intellectual quotient (IQ) to autism symptom presentation in Down syndrome (DS). Participants were 40 males and 38 females with DS, aged 6 to 23 years. Autism symptoms were rated through the Autism Diagnostic Observation…
Descriptors: Correlation, Gender Differences, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Observation
Behavioral Gender Differences across Pre-School Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study
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Tofani, Marco; Scarcella, Lucia; Galeoto, Giovanni; Giovannone, Federica; Sogos, Carla – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2023
There is increasing literature showing that the presentation of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) could be different according to the sex of the patient. Through the analysis of the Autism Diagnostic Interview Revised interview results of a study group consisting of 56 preschool children diagnosed with ASD potential differences in the presentation of…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Case Studies, Autism Spectrum Disorders, Verbal Ability
Trajectories of Autism Symptom Severity Change during Early Childhood
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Waizbard-Bartov, Einat; Ferrer, Emilio; Young, Gregory S.; Heath, Brianna; Rogers, Sally; Wu Nordahl, Christine; Solomon, Marjorie; Amaral, David G. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021
Autism symptom severity change was evaluated during early childhood in 125 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Children were assessed at approximately 3 and 6 years of age for autism symptom severity, IQ and adaptive functioning. Each child was assigned a change score, representing the difference between ADOS Calibrated…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Severity (of Disability), Symptoms (Individual Disorders)
An Exploration of Physical and Phenotypic Characteristics of Bangladeshi Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Rahaman, Md. Ashiquir; Lopa, Maksuda; Uddin, K. M. Furkan; Baqui, Md. Abdul; Keya, Selina Parvin; Faruk, Md. Omar; Sarker, Shaoli; Basiruzzaman, Mohammed; Islam, Mazharul; AlBanna, Ammar; Jahan, Nargis; Chowdhury, M. A. K. Azad; Saha, Narayan; Hussain, Manzoor; Colombi, Costanza; O'Rielly, Darren; Woodbury-Smith, Marc; Ghaziuddin, Mohammad; Rahman, Mohammad Mizanur; Uddin, Mohammed – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2021
This study explored the physical and clinical phenotype of Bangladeshi children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A totally of 283 children who were referred for screening and administered Module 1 of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) were included. Overall, 209 met the ADOS algorithmic cutoff for ASD. A trend for greater weight…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Genetics, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
Autism Spectrum Symptomatology among Children with Duplication 7q11.23 Syndrome
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Klein-Tasman, Bonita P.; Mervis, Carolyn B. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2018
Gold-standard diagnostic assessments of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) symptomatology were conducted on 63 children (mean CA: 8.81 years) with 7q11.23 duplication syndrome, one of the copy number variants identified by Sanders et al. ("Neuron" 70:863-885, 2011a) as associated with ASD. ASD classification rate was 39.6% for the Autism…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Clinical Diagnosis, Age Differences
Examining the Role of Race, Ethnicity, and Gender on Social and Behavioral Ratings within the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule
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Harrison, Ashley J.; Long, Kristin A.; Tommet, Douglas C.; Jones, Richard N. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2017
The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) is widely used to assess symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Given well-documented differences in social behaviors across cultures, this study examined whether item-level biases exist in ADOS scores across sociodemographic groups (race, ethnicity, and gender). We examined a subset of ten…
Descriptors: Autism, Observation, Diagnostic Tests, Pervasive Developmental Disorders
What about the Girls? Sex-Based Differences in Autistic Traits and Adaptive Skills
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Ratto, Allison B.; Kenworthy, Lauren; Yerys, Benjamin E.; Bascom, Julia; Wieckowski, Andrea Trubanova; White, Susan W.; Wallace, Gregory L.; Pugliese, Cara; Schultz, Robert T.; Ollendick, Thomas H.; Scarpa, Angela; Seese, Sydney; Register-Brown, Kelly; Martin, Alex; Anthony, Laura Gutermuth – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2018
There is growing evidence of a camouflaging effect among females with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), particularly among those without intellectual disability, which may affect performance on gold-standard diagnostic measures. This study utilized an age- and IQ-matched sample of school-aged youth (n = 228) diagnosed with ASD to assess sex…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Comparative Analysis
Does Gender Moderate Core Deficits in ASD? An Investigation into Restricted and Repetitive Behaviors in Girls and Boys with ASD
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Harrop, Clare; Gulsrud, Amanda; Kasari, Connie – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2015
Due to the uneven gender ratio of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), girls are rarely studied independently from boys. Research focusing on restricted and repetitive behaviors (RRBs) indicates that above the age of six girls have fewer and/or different RRBs than boys with ASD. In this study we investigated whether girls and boys with ASD…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Behavior Problems
Evaluating Sex and Age Differences in ADI-R and ADOS Scores in a Large European Multi-Site Sample of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Tillmann, J.; Ashwood, K.; Absoud, M.; Bölte, S.; Bonnet-Brilhault, F.; Buitelaar, J. K.; Calderoni, S.; Calvo, R.; Canal-Bedia, R.; Canitano, R.; De Bildt, A.; Gomot, M.; Hoekstra, P. J.; Kaale, A.; McConachie, H.; Murphy, D. G.; Narzisi, A.; Oosterling, I.; Pejovic-Milovancevic, M.; Persico, A. M.; Puig, O.; Roeyers, H.; Rommelse, N.; Sacco, R.; Scandurra, V.; Stanfield, A. C.; Zander, E.; Charman, T. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2018
Research on sex-related differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been impeded by small samples. We pooled 28 datasets from 18 sites across nine European countries to examine sex differences in the ASD phenotype on the ADI-R (376 females, 1763 males) and ADOS (233 females, 1187 males). On the ADI-R, early childhood restricted and…
Descriptors: Gender Differences, Age Differences, Diagnostic Tests, Observation
Female Autism Phenotypes Investigated at Different Levels of Language and Developmental Abilities
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Howe, Yamini J.; O'Rourke, Julia A.; Yatchmink, Yvette; Viscidi, Emma W.; Jones, Richard N.; Morrow, Eric M. – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2015
This study investigated the differences in clinical symptoms between females and males with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) across three verbal ability groups (nonverbal, phrase and fluent speech), based on which Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule module was administered to 5723 individuals in four research datasets. In the Simons Simplex…
Descriptors: Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Diagnostic Tests, Observation
Network Approach to Autistic Traits: Group and Subgroup Analyses of ADOS Item Scores
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Anderson, George M.; Montazeri, Farhad; de Bildt, Annelies – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2015
A network conceptualization might contribute to understanding the occurrence and interacting nature of behavioral traits in the autism realm. Networks were constructed based on correlations of item scores of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule for Modules 1, 2 and 3 obtained for a group of 477 Dutch individuals with developmental disorders.…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Autism, Pervasive Developmental Disorders, Behavior Problems
Sex Differences in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evidence from a Large Sample of Children and Adolescents
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Mandy, William; Chilvers, Rebecca; Chowdhury, Uttom; Salter, Gemma; Seigal, Anna; Skuse, David – Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2012
Sex differences have been found amongst toddlers and young children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We investigated the presence and stability of these ASD sex differences throughout childhood and adolescence. Participants (N = 325, 52 females; aged 3-18 years) consecutively received an ASD diagnosis at a clinic for assessing high-functioning…
Descriptors: Females, Autism, Intelligence Quotient, Gender Differences