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Veenman, S.; And Others – Journal of Classroom Interaction, 1988
An observational study of 12 mixed-age and 12 single-age Dutch primary reading/language and mathematics classes revealed that time-on-task levels were lower for the mixed-age classes. However, no significant differences in achievement test scores were found. (IAH)
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Comparative Analysis, Elementary Education, Foreign Countries

Creemers, Bert P. M.; Tillema, Harm H. – Journal of Classroom Interaction, 1988
This review of research examines the contributions of American and European researchers to understanding how classrooms work and what "frame" or format factors exert their influence and supply the foundation that underlies academic achievement. (IAH)
Descriptors: Classroom Communication, Classroom Environment, Classroom Research, Elementary Secondary Education