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Gonzalez, Antonya Marie; Block, Katharina; Oh, Hee Jae Julie; Bizzotto, Riley; Baron, Andrew Scott – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2022
Numerous studies suggest that by elementary school, children have implicit and explicit gender stereotypes about the toys, activities, roles, and abilities associated with boys vs. girls. Furthermore, these stereotypes have been shown to affect children's goals and behaviors, leading them to pursue activities that are associated with their own…
Descriptors: Sex Stereotypes, Sex Role, Child Behavior, Child Development
Lazonder, Ard W.; Janssen, Noortje; Gijlers, Hannie; Walraven, Amber – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2021
Scientific reasoning refers to the thinking skills involved in conceiving and conducting an investigation. This study examined how proficiency in performing these skills develops during the upper-elementary school years. A sample of 157 children (age 7-10) took a performance-based scientific reasoning test in three consecutive years. Four distinct…
Descriptors: Child Development, Skill Development, Gender Differences, Thinking Skills
Van Reet, Jennifer – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2015
The present research explores the role of inhibitory control (IC) in young preschoolers' pretense ability using an ego depletion paradigm. In Experiment 1 (N = 56), children's pretense ability was assessed either before or after participating in conflict IC or control tasks, and in Experiment 2 (N = 36), pretense ability was measured after…
Descriptors: Child Development, Cognitive Development, Inhibition, Preschool Children
Shutts, Kristin; Pemberton Roben, Caroline K.; Spelke, Elizabeth S. – Journal of Cognition and Development, 2013
A series of studies investigated White U.S. 3- and 4-year-old children's use of gender and race information to reason about their own and others’ relationships and attributes. Three-year-old children used gender- but not race-based similarity between themselves and others to decide with whom they wanted to be friends, as well as to determine which…
Descriptors: Whites, Young Children, Gender Differences, Racial Differences