Black College athletes mobilized in significant ways in 2020. One noticeable way Black college athletes mobilized was by creating Black student-athlete organizations (BSAOs). Given college athletics' long-standing relationship to racism, capitalism, and exploitation, it is important to understand how BSAOs function within the athletic subculture…

Examined effects of an individualized faculty advising program, study-skills training, and a tutorial center on the academic performance and retention of Black freshmen enrolled at a predominantly White university. Data suggest that nonresidency, off-campus employment, and organizational involvement adversely affect academic performance and…