Background: Feedback as one of the most influential factors for learning has been subject to a great body of research. It plays a key role in the development of educational technology systems and is traditionally rooted in deterministic feedback defined by experts and their experience. However, with the rise of generative AI and especially large…

Background: With increased use of artificial intelligence in the classroom, there is now a need to better understand the complementarity of intelligent learning technology and teachers to produce effective instruction. Objective: The paper reviews the current research on intelligent learning technology designed to make models of student learning…

Background: The emergence of ChatGPT in the education literature represents a transformative phase in educational technology research, marked by a surge in publications driven by initial research interest in new topics and media hype. While these publications highlight ChatGPT's potential in education, concerns arise regarding their quality,…