Background: Students experience higher-order thinking skills by finding ways to solve the problem, debugging errors while applying the solution, and testing the solution in programming. However, the inability to create schemas that will characterise programming structures is one of the difficulties during this process. Objectives: This study aimed…

Background: The widespread use of information and communication technology (ICT) has led to significant changes in societal aspects, resulting in the emergence of a "knowledge society." However, students and teachers have faced challenges in adapting to this digitalization. In the United Arab Emirates (UAE), transitioning to a…

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of online collaborative learning experiences on students' digital collaboration skills and on the sustainability of e-collaboration in schools' culture--comparing individualistic versus collectivistic cultures. In addition, we explored how the leadership experience of schools' ICT coordinators…