Background: For students, digital literacy is an essential competency, and technology-supported learning has become one of the most crucial methods for developing students' digital literacy. However, no academic consensus exists regarding whether technology-supported learning is effective in improving students' digital literacy. Objectives: This…

Background: Despite the numerous positive effects of augmented reality (AR) on learning, previous research has shown ambiguous results regarding the cognitive demand on the learner arising from, for example, the overlay of virtual elements or novel interaction techniques. At the same time, the number of evidence-based guidelines on designing AR is…