Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has spread quickly, e-learning became compulsory and disseminated throughout the world. During the pandemic, smartphones are frequently used to access e-learning content, but connecting to technological tools increased the risk of cyberloafing during e-courses. Currently, there are a limited number of studies on…

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of students' flipped learning readiness (FLR) on engagement, programming self-efficacy, attitude towards programming, and interaction intensity in the information and technology classrooms where programming is taught with the flipped classroom (FC) model. The study group of this research, which is…

This study examined whether self-directed learning readiness (SDLR) moderates the association between Internet self-efficacy and approaches to learning by web searching (ALWS). A total of 329 valid questionnaires were used for the correlation and path analysis. The results revealed that preschool teachers' SDLR significantly moderated the…

This article examines several research questions to establish a theory model for explaining factors that influence adult learners' preferences for constructivist Internet-based learning environments (CILE). Data were gathered from 541 individual participants enrolled in adult education institutes in Taiwan for structural equation modelling (SEM)…