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Alamer, Abdullah; Al Khateeb, Ahmed; Jeno, Lucas M. – Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2023
Background: Mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) has long been advocated to promote students' language study outcomes. However, little is known about how using instant messaging applications (an example of MALL) affect student motivation, language anxiety, and actual achievement. Objectives: To help close this gap, we have conducted a…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, College Students, Synchronous Communication, Handheld Devices