Objective: To examine potential differential responses in men and women to cognitive behavior therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method: Fifty-two men and 56 women diagnosed with PTSD participated in randomized controlled trials of cognitive behavior therapy for PTSD. Participants were randomly allocated to either (a) exposure-only…

Objective: Cardiovascular reactivity to laboratory stressors was investigated as (a) a moderator of associations of partner aggression with affective functioning, alcohol problems, and parenting; and (b) a consequence of partner aggression. Method: Cohabiting adult couples (N = 453) with 3- to 7-year-old children were recruited by random digit…

Objective: Trauma histories and symptoms of PTSD occur at very high rates in people with HIV and are associated with poor disease management and accelerated disease progression. The authors of this study examined the efficacy of a brief written trauma disclosure intervention on posttraumatic stress, depression, HIV-related physical symptoms, and…

Objective: This study evaluated the effects of sexual victimization history, rape myth acceptance, implicit attention, and recent learning on the cognitive processes underlying undergraduate women's explicit risk judgments. Method: Participants were 194 undergraduate women between 18 and 24 years of age. The sample was ethnically diverse and…

Objective: The present study investigated the influence of race on posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) treatment among 94 African American and 214 Caucasian female victims of interpersonal violence participating in 2 studies of cognitive-behavioral treatment for PTSD that were conducted sequentially and continuously. Method: In each study,…

Examined effects of sugar on behavior of 45 preschool and elementary school children. Provided all children with basic breakfast that included drink containing either 50 g of sucrose, a comparably sweet placebo, or very little sucrose. Found some small behavior changes in high-sucrose group. All effects were small in magnitude and not considered…

Significant differences were found between younger and older children on most neuropsychological tests. Girls were found to be superior to boys in verbal reasoning, language skills, and serial perceptual matching skills, whereas boys were superior on tests of spatial memory and motor skills. (Author)

Discusses quantification of stimulus variables and analytic versus synthetic strategies relating to the block design task in two articles. Provides commentaries on recent articles by Royer (1984) and Schorr, Bower, and Kiernan (1982). (JAC)

Two studies were done to investigate the effects of personality, as dichotomized along a thought-action dimension, on time perception. Results of both were similar. The high-extraversive subjects underestimated and the high-introversive subjects overestimated time. (Author)

Describes the development of the Reasons for Living Inventory (RFL), an instrument to measure beliefs potentially important as reasons for not committing suicide. Factor analyses indicated six primary reasons for living. The RFL was given to Seattle shoppers (N=197) and psychiatric inpatients (N=195) and differentiated suicidal from nonsuicidal…

Subjects scaled 48 positive and 32 negative assertion vignettes according to similarity of difficulty to determine how people cognitively present complex social situations. Analyses indicated each dimension could be described according to major component(s) that contributed to it and dimensions varied in importance as a function of assertion…

The research review revealed that neither deception nor gullibility affects individual differences in acceptance, that subjects accurately recognize the triviality and actual accuracy of Barnum feedback, and that bogus feedback may persuade subjects to alter their self-evaluations slightly. The acceptance phenomenon manifests subjects' rationality…

Determined if Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised subtest patterns would differentiate the performance of emotionally disturbed and learning-disabled children. Subtests differentiated significantly between diagnostic categories. Learning-disabled children performed predictively poorer on block design, picture arrangement, and object…

Rorschach protocols of both black and white children from 7 to 14 years of age, who had been evaluated at a child guidance clinic, were rescored with respect to developmental level of perceptual integration. It was found that black children had higher perceptual-integration scores in comparison to their white counterparts. (Author)

Relationships between self-esteem and cognitive biases involved in processing self-relevant information are studied. Male (N=49) and female (N=52) college students completed a series of self-esteem measures, participated in an anagram-solving task, and then answered questions concerning their standards for successful achievement and their…