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Development and Validation of the Internalized Racial Oppression Scale for Black Individuals
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Bailey, Tamba-Kuii M.; Chung, Y. Barry; Williams, Wendi S.; Singh, Anneliese A.; Terrell, Heather K. – Journal of Counseling Psychology, 2011
This article describes the development and validation of the Internalized Racial Oppression Scale (IROS) for Black individuals in 2 studies using a total sample of 468 Black college students. The IROS is intended to measure the degree to which racial oppression is internalized and replicated by Black individuals in the United States. An…
Descriptors: Stereotypes, College Students, Factor Structure, Racial Identification
Construct Validity Study of the Racial Identity Attitude Scale.
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Ponterotto, Joseph G.; Wise, Steven L. – Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1987
Examined the construct validity of the Racial Identity Attitude Scale, an instrument designed to measure attitudes consistent with the four stages of Cross's (1971) Negro-to-Black conversion experience. Found strong support for Cross's pre-encounter, immersion-emersion, and internalization stages, and little support for the construct of encounter…
Descriptors: Attitude Change, Attitude Measures, Black Students, College Students
Measuring White Racial Identity: A Reply to Helms (1997).
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Behrens, John T.; Rowe, Wayne – Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1997
Argues that an earlier assessment of a racial identity scale was appropriate. Claims that "possible failures" of the analysis were addressed in the study and confirms that the complex patterns expected from the racial identity measure do not exist in the data. Other results, along with implications for counseling research, are discussed.…
Descriptors: Attitude Measures, Construct Validity, Counseling Psychology, Data Analysis
Validity and Construct Contamination of the Racial Identity Attitude Scale-Long Form.
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Fischer, Ann R.; Tokar, David M.; Serna, George S. – Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1998
A series of analyses (correlations, multiple regressions, and confirmatory modeling) was conducted on data (N=275) collected to explore the psychometric properties of the Racial Identity Attitude Scale-Long Form (RIAS-L). Results were mixed, generally revealing limited support for the RIAS-L's validity and highlighting concerns regarding the…
Descriptors: Attitudes, Blacks, Psychometrics, Racial Identification