Investigated whether assertive and nonassertive individuals differ in defense mechanisms they most typically rely on when confronted with interpersonal stress and conflict. Results indicated assertive males and females both endorsed the most adaptive defense mechanism cluster, whereas nonassertive males and females endorsed more primitive defense…

Faculty, staff, and students (N=1,458) on three university campuses indicated their likelihood of referring a student to psychological counseling. Results indicate men were less likely than women to refer at all three institutions. Older persons were more likely to refer at two institutions. At one institution, older persons were more apt to refer…

Interrelationships between patterns of drug abuse and personality and motivation were determined for male and female subjects. Significant sex differences were found with respect to drug behavior. Females used amphetamines more frequently than males and also showed greater multiple drug use. (Author)

Four diverse groups of women (members of the university women's caucus, a sample of undergraduates, a group of secretarial and clerical women, and a nonworking group) agreed on the prestige accorded to different occupations. The same groups showed clear differences when asked whether the occupations were appropriate for women. (Author/EAK)

Results indicate that feminists and nonfeminists of both sexes have disparate perceptions of desirable characteristics for women. Nonfeminists describe ideal men and women in terms of traditional stereotypes. Feminists describe the ideal person as possessing masculine sex-role characteristics. (Author/BEF)

Data indicate that males are more willing than females to disclose to strangers and acquaintances, but females are more willing than males to disclose to intimates. Results suggest a tendency for men to avoid emotional intimacy with one another. (Author/BEF)

Determined verbal response styles of four different groups of counselors: Black and White males and females. Blacks used more active expression skills with greater frequency than Whites. Whites used more attending skills. While race was a source of strong effect, there was a relative absence of significant sex differences. (Author)

This research studied sex differences and age trends in the relationship of occupational preferences and aversions and occupational prestige. The relationships between preference and prestige were positive and stronger for the males than for the females. Males learn to prefer prestigious occupations; females learn to avoid them. (Author)

Examined the appropriateness and usefulness of Kuder's General Interest Survey, Form E, with a homogeneous Native American population by comparing the distribution of scores obtained by ninth-grade Native Americans with norms provided in the manual. Results suggest using local norms for interpretations with such homogeneous and divergent cultural…

Analysis of responses of children and adolescents to video-taped, role-played problems indicated tenth-grade subjects used more negative statements, fewer disclosures, and more advisements than subjects in lower grades. (Author)

Differential responding for males and females on individual items from the Adult Self Expression Scale was investigated using four samples. Men report themselves as more assertive in dealing with bosses and supervisors. Women report themselves as more assertive in expressing love, affection, compliments, and anger to one's parents. (Author)

College students (N=375) listened to taped segments of a counseling interview concerning a spouse's drinking problem with tapes varying client's age, gender, and cognitive behaviors. Found no main or interaction effects of age on subjects' ratings of client behaviors; female clients were perceived as having better memory and greater alertness than…

Examined relationship between psychological separation and adjustment to college in freshmen (N=130) and upperclassmen (N=123). Found freshmen showed more psychological dependencies on parents than upperclassmen; separation appeared more strongly related to personal/emotional adjustment, particularly functional and emotional independence from…

Results indicated that subjects preferred black counselors to a significantly greater degree than white counselors and that they explored themselves in greater depth with female counselors. Language was not a significant variable in any of the analyses. (Author)

Determined if training in rational decision making improves the quality of simulated career decisions. Training in rational decision making resulted in superior performance for females on one subscore of the knowledge measure. It also resulted in superior simulated career choices by females and younger males. (Author)