Measured expectations held by male and female clients and nonclients for group and individual counseling modes, using the Expectations About Counseling questionnaire. Results indicated significant differences between modes, sexes, and populations; however, no interaction effects were noted. (JAC)

Investigated potential clients' perceptions of traditional and feminist therapist announcements of services. Included an explicit traditional condition, used male and female subjects, and controlled for attitudes toward women and proclivities toward seeking professional help. Significant interaction for the trustworthiness dimension, and main…

Investigated effects of type of client problem and counselor gender on counseling response modes in novice counselors (N=31). Results indicated counselors used significantly more information responses on intrapersonal problems and more reflection responses on interpersonal problems. Found in general there was trend for male counselors to use more…

Examines gender differences in counseling process and outcome. Notes that, although trends in findings have revealed that female clients may be more successful with female counselors, most findings have been inconclusive. Suggests problem may stem from applying traditional individual differences methodology to study of gender differences. Presents…

Examined the influence of counselor sex on students' (N=188) expectations of counselor expertness and understanding. Results showed most students expressed no gender preference for vocational problems, but women showed a pattern of preferring a woman counselor for some personal problems. (JAC)

College students (N=375) listened to taped segments of a counseling interview concerning a spouse's drinking problem with tapes varying client's age, gender, and cognitive behaviors. Found no main or interaction effects of age on subjects' ratings of client behaviors; female clients were perceived as having better memory and greater alertness than…

Investigated sex-typed and androgynous subjects' (n=21) preferences for male and female counselors of low, medium, and high levels of effectiveness. Both groups of subjects used information related to effectiveness and ignored gender information, contrary to the predictions of gender schema theory that sex-typed subjects would use gender when…

Mexican-American high school students (n=48), divided into two groups on basis of acculturation level, rated videotaped simulated counseling session featuring either Anglo-American or Mexican-American male counselor and adolescent male client. Results revealed no significant findings for four dependent variables of Counselor Effectiveness Rating…

Asian-American college students (n=104) listened to taped counseling session in which counselor was described as Asian-American or Caucasian-American and portrayed as either culture-sensitive or culture-blind. Counselor was rated as more credible and culturally competent under culture-sensitive condition than under culture-blind condition and when…

University counseling center clients read one of six counselor descriptions generated by crossing counselor gender with counselor sex roles (feminine, androgynous, and masculine), then rated their willingness to see the counselor for a variety of concerns. Feminine sex role was rated highest for personal concerns, masculine for assertiveness…

Examined effects of four counselor response types on subjects' impressions of counselor during vocational counseling. Undergraduate students (N=201) viewed videotapes of initial vocational counseling interview in which counselor used either self-disclosure, self-involving, empathic, or open-question statements. Generally, a lack of significance…

University students (N=169) rated their preferences for counselor gender for nine client concerns and completed a sex role inventory and a demographic questionnaire. Most who expressed a preference for counselor gender preferred male counselors for concerns other than sexual issues, particularly for vocational/academic and social/interpersonal…