Reviews 3 theoretical models of client resistance in counseling: anxiety control, noncompliance, and negative social influence. Describes 22 commonly observed client resistance behaviors in 4 separate categories: response quantity resistance, response content resistance, response style resistance, and logistic management resistance. (Author/ABL)

Describes Schein's three models of consultation based on assumptions inherent in different helping styles: purchase of expertise and doctor-patient models, which focus on content of organization problems; and process consultation model, which focuses on how organizational problems are solved. Notes that Schein has suggested that consultants begin…

Presents developmental therapy as supplement to life span theory which can provide specific suggestions for clinical-counseling interventions that may be used to assess developmental level of clients, select counseling skills and theory to match client cognitive-developmental level, and obtain feedback on intervention effectiveness. Discusses…

Grantham and Gordon (1986) contend that preference is inadequately understood as a construct and that a more incisive conceptualization is needed to promote research and theoretical considerations. Critiques Grantham and Gordon's notions, offering an alternative conceptualization and schema. (Author/KS)

Notes that incorporation of stress management within counseling process requires a theoretical framework for examining clients' perceptions of their coping capabilities as they experience difficulty with stressful life events. Presents framework based on learned helplessness, called systematic rationalization. Discusses empirical support and…