Presents a framework in which notions of cross-cultural equivalence are related to the abstraction-concreteness and the universality-cultural difference continua. Uses this framework to compare strategies proposed to improve cross-cultural measurement of characteristics and behavior other than ability and aptitude. Suggests that the adoption of…

Differences in values between parents of Anglo-Australian and Italian background in Australia are largely attributable to differences between the groups in socioeconomic status. In content areas concerned with conformity, the highly significant ethnic background effect was linked with parent educational level. (Author/LHW)

Characterizes primate and human forms of sociality and cultural transmission, describing the ontogeny of human cultural learning (joint attention, imitative learning, and cognitive representation). Humans share most cognitive skills and knowledge with other primates, but they also possess a species-unique social cognitive adaptation that enables…

The cultural distinction between Western and Middle Eastern Jews in Israel is a product of underlying cultural differences in mediating familial factors such as interdependence, size, and delegation of authority, as well as peer exposure. Middle Easterners were more cooperative than Westerners in rural settings, but not in urban areas. (Author/LHW)

Japanese, Japanese-American, and Caucasian high school students were tested to investigate sex role identity. Japanese students were more feminine than either of the other two groups. Within the latter two, the Japanese-Americans were more feminine than the Caucasians on one measure, but not different on the other. (DM)

Discusses methodological problems in the use of ecological analysis and pancultural analysis in cross-cultural analysis. Uses a case study to compare the use of cross-cultural analysis and a new procedure based on a within-culture standardization procedure. (FMW)

Cultural differences in homesickness were studied for 75 U.S. and 69 Turkish female first-year students attending a private U.S. liberal arts college for women in the southeast and a coeducational university in Istanbul, respectively. Some aspects of the experience of homesickness transcended cultural boundaries, but others were culture specific.…

Validity of auto-stereotypes and heterostereotypes of Japanese and Americans is reflected in the rank-order correlations of "own" and "other" judgments for 110 Japanese and 169 U.S. undergraduate students and is found to be a function of the similarity of the 2 cultures when reacting to an episode. (SLD)