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Progress toward an Early Social Indicator for Infants and Toddlers
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Greenwood, Charles R.; Carta, Judith J.; Schnitz, Alana G.; Higgins, Susan; Buzhardt, Jay; Walker, Dale; Jia, Fan; Irvin, Dwight – Journal of Early Intervention, 2021
Measures of young children's social development are needed in the Multi-Tier System of Supports (MTSS) approach to early childhood. In 2004, we reported initial development of an observational measure of infants' and toddlers' social skills designed for early educators, the Early Social Indicator (ESI). Here, we report preliminary findings on the…
Descriptors: Infants, Toddlers, Social Indicators, Child Development
An Investigation of the Intentional Communication and Symbolic Play Skills of Children with Down Syndrome and Cerebral Palsy in Malaysia
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Joginder Singh, Susheel; Iacono, Teresa; Gray, Kylie M. – Journal of Early Intervention, 2014
Children with Down syndrome (DS) and cerebral palsy (CP) are at risk of remaining pre-symbolic in their communication and play for prolonged periods. The aim of this study was to explore the early communication and play of children with DS and with CP who communicated at the pre-symbolic stage, and to determine the association between these…
Descriptors: Down Syndrome, Cerebral Palsy, Foreign Countries, Communication Skills