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Smith, Janet L.; Stovall, David – Journal of Education Policy, 2008
Older cities in the United States have long been trying to "bring back" the middle class in order to increase tax base. The poor quality of schools and the presence of public housing often were cited as deterrents for attracting higher income families. When the 2000 Census data revealed improvements in many cities, some elected officials…
Descriptors: Urban Schools, Middle Class, Economically Disadvantaged, Housing