The question addressed in this paper is why expanding Higher Education (HE) has become the default policy position in England. One answer concerns the reluctance by employers to train. The paper adopts an historical perspective on the policy reviews into this issue which have displayed a remarkable policy amnesia, employers have not been engaged.…

This article considers the implications of a 'managed' approach to skills policy in Scotland, in which Government policy and the role of national institutional frameworks can be seen to be influential, and which contrasts with the more marketised approach which has been a central aspect of policy in England. A number of themes within these…

Korean economic development has been supported by early investment in public vocational education and training and a labor-force planning approach. Recent policy reforms emphasize quality and lifelong learning. Late-century economic changes signal a need to reassess the centralized employment-projections approach. (SK)