Descriptor
| Accountability | 1 |
| Educational Change | 1 |
| Elementary Secondary Education | 1 |
| School Based Management | 1 |
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| School Restructuring | 1 |
| State Action | 1 |
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| Journal of Educational… | 1 |
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| Hanson, E. Mark | 1 |
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| Journal Articles | 1 |
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Peer reviewedHanson, E. Mark – Journal of Educational Administration, 1991
The first education reform wave stressed top-down state initiatives identifying educators as the problem and prescribed greater accountability, closer supervision, tighter regulation, better teacher screening, tougher graduation standards, and a longer school year. The second reform wave saw educators as the solution and advocated bottom-up…
Descriptors: Accountability, Educational Change, Elementary Secondary Education, School Based Management
