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Components of Rater Error in a Complex Performance Assessment.
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Clauser, Brian E.; Clyman, Stephen G.; Swanson, David B. – Journal of Educational Measurement, 1999
Two studies focused on aspects of the rating process in performance assessment. The first, which involved 15 raters and about 400 medical students, made the "committee" facet of raters working in groups explicit, and the second, which involved about 200 medical students and four raters, made the "rating-occasion" facet…
Descriptors: Error Patterns, Evaluation Methods, Evaluators, Higher Education
Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Parameter Estimation in Item Response Theory.
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Lord, Frederic M. – Journal of Educational Measurement, 1986
Advantages and disadvantages of joint maximum likelihood, marginal maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods of parameter estimation in item response theory are discussed and compared. (Author)
Descriptors: Bayesian Statistics, Error Patterns, Estimation (Mathematics), Higher Education
The Effect of Item Type on the Consequences of Changing Answers on Multiple Choice Tests.
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Smith, Malbert, III; And Others – Journal of Educational Measurement, 1979
Results of multiple-choice tests in educational psychology were examined to discover the effects on students' scores of changing their original answer choices after reconsideration. Eighty-six percent of the students changed one or more answers, and six out of seven students who made changes improved their scores by doing so. (Author/CTM)
Descriptors: Academic Ability, Difficulty Level, Error Patterns, Guessing (Tests)